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YEAR 2: Respiratory Disease (MGEM2013 UNUK) (SPR1 23-24) > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

aetiology

outline at least 4 aetiologies of lung cancer

Think:

  • A
  • s
  • a
  • i
  • o
  • f
A
  • Age
  • smoking substances like tobacco or passive smokers
  • air pollution
  • ionizing radiation
  • occupational exposures like asbestos, silica or paint fumes
  • family history
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2
Q

symptoms

what are 5 main symptoms of lung cancer

Think:

  • c
  • w
  • s
  • c
  • h
A
  • coughing
  • weight loss
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • hemoptysis with non specific symptoms (like fever, weakness, lethargy
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3
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes

what are 4 paraneoplastic syndromes

think:

  • C with… due to…
  • i
  • p
  • g
A
  • cushing syndrome with facial oedema and cachexia due to hypokalemic alkalosis
  • inappropriate ADH secretion
  • parathormone-like effect
  • gonadotropin effect
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4
Q

what does the paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion lead to and what are 4 symptoms of this?

Think:
- sodium (Na)

For symptoms, think:
- i
- C
- w
- S

A
  • low NA resulting from high urine osmolality and low serum osmolality

symptoms:
- irritability
- confusion
- weakness
- seizures (in extreme cases)

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5
Q

what 6 things do the symptoms the paraneoplastic syndrome of parathormone-like effect lead to?

Think:
- H
- A
- P
- P
- L
- C

A
  • hypercalcaemia
  • abdominal pain
  • poluria
  • polydipsia
  • lethargy
  • constipation
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6
Q

what 2 things symptoms the paraneoplastic syndrome of gonadotropin effect lead to?

A
  • gynecomastia
  • testicular cancer
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7
Q

what are the 2 main types of lung cancer

A
  • small cell lung cancer
  • Non-small cell lung cancer
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8
Q

what is the 1 subtype of small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

A

small cell carcinoma

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9
Q

what are the 3 different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

A
  • squamous carcinoma
  • adeno-carcinoma
  • large cell carcinoma
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10
Q

SCLC

what usually accompanies SCLC and give 3 examples

for what accompanies, think : a type of syndrome

for 3 examples, think:
- m
- e
- d

A

a paraneoplastic syndrome, such as:
- myasthenia of Eaton-Lambert syndrome
- ectopic corticotropin production
- diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

which main type of cancer is more sensitive to chemotherapy?

A

SCLC

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12
Q

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

what percentage of all lung cancers is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

30%

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13
Q

what 2 things is squamous cell carcinoma associated with?

Think: bad chemicals

A
  • smoking
  • exposure to chemical carcinogens
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14
Q

where specifically does squamous cell carcinoma start

A

in flat cells lining the bronchi

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15
Q

what is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

what percentage of all lung cancer are large cell carcinoma?

A

10% of all lung cancers

17
Q

diagnosis

what are 2 imaging methods to diagnose lung cancer?

A
  • Chest X-ray
  • CT scan
18
Q

what is seen in a chest X-ray in people with lung cancer

A
  • solitary pulmonary nodules or mass
19
Q

what is CT scans particularly useful for in lung cancer

think: lymph nodes

A
  • identification of lymph node involvement
20
Q

what does the early CDT-lung test do?

A

allows for early detection of lung cancer

21
Q

biopsy

what 2 instances is a lung biopsy usually performed?

A
  • when clinical symptoms suggest lung cancer
  • when findings on chest X-ray or CT scan suggest lung cancer
22
Q

what are 3 respiratory complications in lung cancer

  • p
  • a
  • p
A
  • pleural effusion
  • atelectasis
  • pneumonia
23
Q

what are 2 CV complicatons in lung cancer

think:
- s
- p

A
  • SVC syndrome
  • pericardial effusion
24
Q

what are 2 neurological complications in lung cancer

think:
- b
- s

A
  • brain metastasis
  • spinal cord compression
25
Q

what are 2 metabolic complications in lung cancer

think:
- c
- h

A
  • cachexia
  • hypercalcemia
26
Q

what are 2 psychological complications of lung cancer

think:
- d
- a

A
  • depression
  • anxiety
27
Q

what 3 things does lung cancer prognosis depend on?

think:

  • metastasis
  • which lung cancers
  • progression of lung cancer
A
  • if the cancerous cells have metastasised to distant sites
  • type of lung cancer
  • the stage of lung cancer
28
Q

what is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

a non-metastatic extra pulmonary manifestation of lung cancer

29
Q
A

YEAR 2: Respiratory Disease (MGEM2013 UNUK) (SPR1 23-24) (39 decks)

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