Respiratory Pathogens: SARS-CoV-2 Flashcards
what are the 7 human coronvavirus variants and when were they discovered?
HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43: 1960s
SARS-CoV-1: 2002
HCov-NL63: 2004
HKU1: 2005
MERS-CoV: 2012
SARS-CoV-2: 2019
what is the percentage of gene homology SARS-CoV-2 shares with the SARS and MERS-CoV?
- 79% genome homology to SARS-CoV
- 51.8% genome homology to MERS-CoV
what family and genus does SARS-CoV-2 belong to
family: coronaviridae
genus: betacoronavirus
state 5 variants of SARS-CoV-2
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
- delta
- omicron
give 2 features of the SARS-CoV-2 virion
- enveloped
- 60-140nm in diameter
give 3 features of the genome of SARS-CoV-2
- positive sense
- linear
- 30 kilobases in length
outline 4 SARS-CoV-2 proteins and what they are/ what they do
Membrane proteins: coordinate assembly and morphology
envelope proteins: small viroporin
Nucleocapsid proteins: binds genome
spike proteins: attachment proteins
what are 3 particular symptoms to look out for in infection with SARS-CoV-2?
- high temperature
- continuous cough
- loss of smell and/or taste
what are 2 complications that can arise in severe infection with SARS-CoV-2
- pneumonia
- ARDS
who are particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2
- elderly
- people with co-morbidities
what receptors on the endothelial cells on coronary vessels, cardiomyocytes and Type II alveolar cells does SARS-CoV-2 infect to cause a cascade of issues?
ACE2
what are preventions for infection of SARS-CoV-2?
- isolation
- face masks
- social distancing
- hand hygiene
what are 3 ways to treat SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- immunomodulators
- anti-viral drugs
