Unit 1 (General Chemistry) 💜 Flashcards
What does an Atomic Number represent?
How many protons+ are in the nucleus of an atom.
What are the three Shell Model rules?
- Inner shells want 2e-.
- Outer shells can hold 8e-.
- If an atom’s outer shell is not full they are unstable.
What are Ionic Bonds?
When one atom takes/gives an electron to another, and the energy this transfer creates keeps them near each other. (between charged particles)
What are Covalent Bonds?
A covalent bond in when two atoms share an electron (or multiple).
What is the difference between a polar cov. bond and a non-polar cov. bond?
Polar: The electron(s) aren’t shared equally.
Non-Polar: The electron(s) are shared equally.
What is a Hydrogen Bond?
A weak bond between a hydrogen and an oxygen atom. The Hydrogen has a slight (+) and the Oxygen will have a slight (-) charge.
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules/ atoms?
Hydrophobic: water fearing
Hydrophilic: water loving
What is a Molecule?
Two atoms bonded together covalently.
What are all the impressive qualities of water?
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Ice Density (Floats)
- Capillary Action (Cohesion)
- Heat Capacity
- Adhesion
- A Great Solvent
What is Electronegativity?
The strength of an atom’s pull of shared electrons. (Say H and O share an electron, they will be closer to O)
What are Isotopes?
An isotope is an atom of the same atomic number (protons) but a differing number of neutrons.
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom with a net positive or negative charge (typically as a result of sharing/stealing an electron from another atom)
Rank O,N, H, C by electronegativity.
O>N>C=H
Why is water such a good Solvent?
- It’s Polarity: The O molecule has a slight (-) while the H have a slight (+)
- Hydrogen Bonds: other atoms stick to it easier
Why does water have a high specific heat and vaporization?
Hydrogen bonds take a lot of energy to break, so water takes a lot of heat to vaporize and a lot of energy to heat up. (Water has a high boiling point)
