Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > 11 Air and Water > Flashcards

11 Air and Water Flashcards

1
Q

what colour is Hydrated Copper(II) sulfate crystals

A

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What colour is anhydrous copper (II) sulfate crystals

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What colour is hydrated cobalt(II) chloride

A

pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What colour is anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two tests for water

A

Hydrated Copper(II) sulfate ⇌ anhydrous copper(II) sulfate + water

Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride ⇌ Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is water treated

A

To make it potable (safe to drink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the stages of water treatment (2)

A

Filtration - used to filter out large floating materials (microorganisms remain)

Chlorination - Chlorine gas bubbled through water to kill microorganisms. (May make water acidic but it is further treated with alkali to make it neutural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Composition of air (3)

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% noble gases, water vapour,
carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common pollutants in the air (3)

A

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen oxides

Sulfur dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sources of the common pollutants (3)

A

Carbon monoxide - produced during the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or other carbon sources

Nitrogen oxide - Car engine

Sulfur dioxide - combustion of fossil fuels with sulfur compounds inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects of consuming common pollutants (3)

A

Carbon monoxide - poisonous gas that combines with hemoglobin preventing them from carrying oxygen

Nitrogen oxides - Combines with water in the air to form acid rain

Sulfur dioxide - causes acid rain, which can damage building and living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can sulfur pollutants be reduced? (2)

A

Using low sulfur fuels (which had a lot of sulfur removed at oil refineries)

Using flue gas desulfurisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are catalytic converters and what do they do (2)

A

fitted in cars to ensure toxic nitrogen and carbon monoxides are not emitted

Harmful gases passed over a hot catalyst converting them into less harmful gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do catalytic converters look

A

honeycomb shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What reactions occur in catalytic converters (3)

A

2CO + O2 → 2CO2

2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2

2NO → N2 + O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define corrosion

A

when a reaction between a metal and oxygen leads to a layer of metal oxide being formed on the surface of the metal

17
Q

What happens when iron corrodes (2)

A

very brittle coating known as rust forms

eventually the iron will weaken and fall apart

18
Q

What are the conditions required for iron to corrode (2)

A

water

oxygen

19
Q

Equation for iron corrosion

A

iron + water + oxygen —> hydrated iron(III) oxide

2Fe + 2H2O + O2 —> Fe2O3.H2O2

20
Q

How to prevent rusting

A

Using barrier that stops water and oxygen from coming into with the iron

21
Q

What is galvanisation

A

coating iron in a layer of zinc

22
Q

Role of zinc in galvanisation (2)

A

acts as a barrier against air and water

if zinc is damaged, it will offer SACRIFICIAL PROTECTION

23
Q

How does sacrificial protection work? (2)

A

more reactive metals corrode in preference to less reactive metals (above reactivity series), metal can be protected from corroding.

The more reactive metals give away electron to less reactive metal, turning the less reactive metal into an ion

24
Q

Natural sources of CO2 (3)

A

volcanic eruptions

respiration by living organisms

naturally occuring fires

25
Q

Artificial sources of CO2 (3)

A

Burning fossil fuels

Deliberate forest fires

Production of cement

26
Q

Main sources of methane (3)

A

paddy fields, where rice is grown

digestive processes in farm animals

anaerobic decomposition of waste in landfills

27
Q

What are greenhouse gases

A

gases in the earth’s atmosphere that trap heat

28
Q

does CO2 and methane contribute to greenhouse gases?

A

yeah

29
Q

What are the essential elements needed for healthy plant growth (3)

A

nitrogen

phosphorus

potassium

30
Q

Define fertilisers

A

compounds that can be added to a plant to help them grow

31
Q

What are NPK fertilisers

A

fertilisers that contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

32
Q

What is the haber process used to create

A

Ammonia (NH3)

33
Q

Eqt for haber process

A

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

34
Q

How are the raw resources needed for the haber process collected? (2)

A

Nitrogen is extracted from the air through fractional distillation

Hydrogen is produced by reacting methane/natural gas with steam

35
Q

What are the raw resources needed for haber process (2)

A

nitrogen

hydrogen

36
Q

What catalyst does the haber process use?

A

Iron (III) oxide catalyst to lower temperature

37
Q

What is the pressure used in the haber process

A

200 atm, to achieve a high yield of ammonia

38
Q

Why is the temperature used in haber process 450 degrees?

A

To make process more economical

39
Q

What is the displacement reaction that produces ammonia?

A

ammonium salt + strong base → ammonia + salt + water

Chemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions