Topic 1 The Particualte Nature of Matter Flashcards
Define a particle
The simplest and smallest unit of matter
Define an atom
The simplest particles that make up everything in the world
Define a compound
A substance made of two or more different types of elements
Describe how evaporation happens (3)
Particles in a liquid have different energies
The faster particles have enough energy to escape from the surface of the liquid
The faster particles turns into a gaseous state
Name process: Liquid to Solid
Freezing
Liquid particles can overlap and move past one another but remain bonded together. As energy is lost, the particles slow down, they are less able to move past one another and movement is restricted to vibrations around a fixed point.
Name process: Solid to liquid
Melting
Solid particles vibrate around a fixed point. As more energy is supplied, vibrations increase until particles move past one another.
Name process: liquid to gas
boiling
Liquid particles can overlap and move past one another but remain bonded together. As more energy is supplied, bonds break and particles are free to escape.
Name process: gas to liquid
condensing
Gas particles move freely, quickly and randomly. As energy is lost, the particles slow down, eventually reforming chemical bonds with one another.
Name process: gas to liquid
condensing
Define a molecule
Two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Define diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area of high concetration to low concetration.
What is the effect of molecular mass on diffusion
larger the molecular mass the rate of diffusion will be slower
Properties of solid (3)
particles tightly packed together
Strong forces of attraction, only vibrates on the spot
fixed shape
Properties of liquid (3)
packed tightly together
Strong forces of attraction but particles can move over one another
takes shape of container
Properties of gases (3)
Particles spaced apart
particles can freely move around
particles spread to take shape of container
