Hydrogen

Question 1

What is hydrogens melting and boiling points?

Answer 1

• Melting point: -259˚C
• Boiling point: -252˚C

Question 2

What is needed to keep hydrogen liquid?

Answer 2

• High pressures or cryogenic temperatures

Question 3

How does hydrogen usually exist?

Answer 3

Not naturally available alone, but abundant in compounds with other elements

Question 4

What are some key characteristics of hydrogen?

Answer 4

Colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible

Question 5

What are the colours of hydrogen?

Answer 5

Green
Blue
Grey

Question 6

What is “green” hydrogen?

Answer 6

Produced from electrolysis and renewable electricity

Question 7

What is “blue” hydrogen?

Answer 7

From fossil fuel but CO2 is captured and stored underground

Question 8

What is “grey” hydrogen?

Answer 8

From fossil fuel and commonly uses steam methane reforming
(SMR) method

Question 9

What was hydrogen used for in 1840s?

Answer 9

Fuel cells

Question 10

What was hydrogen used for in 2010s?

Answer 10

Hydrogen-fueled combined cycle power plant

Question 11

By what years did the Hydrogen Council predict medium/large hydrogen-powered cars would be fully accepted in the market?

Answer 11

2023 or 2025

Question 12

In what industry is hydrogen used for heating purposes?

Answer 12

Steel industry

Question 13

Besides heating and fuel for cars, what is another use of hydrogen mentioned by the Hydrogen Council?

Answer 13

Used for making fertilizers

Question 14

As of the current time from the Hydrogen Council’s outlook, how many hydrogen production plans exist worldwide?

Answer 14

There are a lot of hydrogen production plans in the world

Question 15

What is the expected capacity achievement for hydrogen production in the next 5 years according to the current status?

Answer 15

The expected capacity is 440,000 MW

Question 16

What is the efficiency range of electrolysis in hydrogen production?

Answer 16

70% to 85%

Question 17

What is a common method for producing hydrogen from methane?

Answer 17

steam-methane reforming reaction

Question 18

What conditions are typically required for producing hydrogen from methane?

Answer 18

high temperature (700-1000°C) and/or high pressure.

Question 19

In what two states can hydrogen be stored?

Answer 19

Liquid or gas

Question 20

What is the pressure range for storing hydrogen gas in tanks?

Answer 20

Hydrogen gas is stored in high-pressure tanks ranging from 350 to 700 bar (5000-10,000 psi)

Question 21

Why is hydrogen stored at cryogenic temperatures when in liquid form?

Answer 21

So it doesn’t boil back into gas

Question 22

How can hydrogen be stored in solid materials?

Answer 22

Hydrogen can be stored on the surface of solid materials through adsorption or within solid materials through absorption

Question 23

What is the efficiency range of fuel cells for energy extraction from hydrogen?

Answer 23

40% to 60%

Question 24

What is the only residual output of hydrogen fuel cells?

Answer 24

water (H2O)

Question 25

What is the efficiency range of hydrogen combustion?

Answer 25

40% to 50%

Question 26

Why might the future of hydrogen energy be considered highly volatile?

Answer 26

Because it is subject to regulations against fossil fuels and potential technology breakthroughs

Question 27

In what industries could hydrogen energy’s infrastructure change be considered cost-effective as of 2024?

Answer 27

Steel production, shipping, and aviation

Question 28

What is the main challenge in the production of hydrogen as of 2024?

Answer 28

The main challenge is that production is energy demanding and only 1% is currently green hydrogen

Question 29

What makes the storage and transport of hydrogen difficult?

Answer 29

Difficult storage and transport are due to the requirements for high pressure or cryogenic conditions

Question 30

Why is hydrogen considered highly leakable and flammable?

Answer 30

Hydrogen molecules are very small, which makes them easy to leak, and hydrogen is highly flammable, posing risks of ignition

Question 31

How can hydrogen offer global energy security?

Answer 31

Diversifying the energy supply with hydrogen can enhance energy security by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels