Module 2- Describing, Selecting, and Judging the Horse Flashcards
In identifying many features, the description of horses and ponies depends on?
Sex
Height
Color
Markings
Age
Description of type
is a young horse of either sex up to 1 year of age.
Foal
is a female less than 3 years of age. (For Thoroughbreds, fillies include 4 years old.)
Filly
is a male less than 3 years of age. (For Thoroughbreds, colts include 4 years old.)
Colt
is a mature female, 4 years of age and older. (Thoroughbred mares are 5 years of age or older.)
Mare
is a mature male 4 years of age or older. (Thoroughbred stallions are 5 years of age or older.)
Stallion
Young stallion that has been castrated
Gelding
is a mature male horse that has been castrated.
Stag
is a male horse that has retained one testicle within the abdominal cavity.
Rig
For the purposes of the Joint Measurement Scheme, the horse should be measured without it
The horse should be measured without shoe
How many inch should be deducted for horses and ponies that are shod.
1 cm or 0.5 inch
Horse is traditionally measured by what?
Hands
Equivalent of a hand?
4 inches
Why Correct height measurements are important in equine?
for dividing horses into their correct height classes for show jumping, showing and other equestrian events. It also provides an accurate assessment of the horse when offered for sale.
The points of the horse are used for more accurate assessment of color, and these refer to:
Muzzle
legs
mane and tail
eyelids
tips of the ears
A horse with no white markings at all is termed as what?
Whole colored
all become white with age, but are always described as grey and never as white
Grey horses
3 different color found in bay horse
Light bay
Dark bay
Bright bay
golden or reddish brown with black mane, tail and lower limbs
Light bay
rich, dark brown with black mane, tail and lower limbs
Dark bay
horse chestnut color with black mane, tail and lower limbs.
Bright bay
is a horse with darker brown almost black, with black mane, tail and limbs.
Brown horses
Is a horse black with black mane, tail, limbs and muzzle
Black horse
may be blue or yellow with a dark line or ‘list’ along the backbone
22. diluted black color with black mane, tail and limbs
23. dark gold color with black mane, tail and limbs.
24. varies from gold to cream with similar colored limbs and lighter or silvery colored mane and tail.
25. has large patches of black and white
26. has large patches of white and any other colors.
27. has pink or mottled skin
28. dark spots dispersed over a lighter background
29. dark spots on the rump area of lighter color
30. white spots on a darker color.
31. has a grey coat with darker colored spots. Markings may be leopard, blanket or snowflake as above.
32. has a light cream coat with white muzzle, mane, tail and limbs. The skin lacks pigment and the eyes may be blue or pink in color.
33. is found in several shades with white hairs mixed evenly through the coat
34. is red and white with similar mane, tail and limbs
35. is black and white (appearing blue) with black mane, tail and limbs
36. is white and light chestnut with matching mane, tail and limbs.
li
has a grey coat with darker colored spots. Markings may be leopard, blanket or snowflake as above.
appaloosa
has a light cream coat with white muzzle, mane, tail and limbs. The skin lacks pigment and the eyes may be blue or pink in color.
cremello
is found in several shades with white hairs mixed evenly through the coat
roan
is red and white with similar mane, tail and limbs
strawberry roan
Is black and white (appearing blue) with black mane, tail and limbs
blue roan
is white and light chestnut with matching mane, tail and limbs.
Chestnut roan or sorrel
The horse’s markings including:
Scars
brands
and acquired marks from injury or saddle horse
is a white mark on the forehead. May be further described as large, small, irregular or may even consist of a few white hairs.
star
is a narrow white mark down the face which may be a continuation of a star and may be further described as irregular, narrow, etc.
stripe
Is a wide covering of white hair running down the face over the nose
blaze
is an exaggerated blaze covering much of the horses’ face.
White face
a white mark between the nostrils.
snip
describes white skin covering both lips and the nostrils.
White muzzles
white skin at the edge of the lips
white upper lip/ under lip
- describes an eye that is grey-blue in color, the sight is unaffected
a wall eyes
Markings in the head/ horse face markings
Star
Stripe
Blaze
white face
snip
white muzzles
white upper lip/under lip
wall eye
describes the dark line found along the backbone of dun horses and donkeys.
Dorsal stripe, list or ray
describe any stripes on the body.
Zebra mark
small areas formed by changes in the direction of hair growth, occurring on the head, neck, body and upper limbs.
Whorls
Type of horses should have at least five whorl positions noted in their identification.
Grey and Whole-colored
an obvious indentation in the muscle on the neck, shoulder or hindquarters said to be a sign of good luck and often seen in Thoroughbreds and Arabs.
Prophet’s thumbmark
patches of pink skin that grow white hair.
Flesh marks
Different markings on the body
Dorsal stripe, list or ray
Zebra mark
Whorls
Prophet’s thumb mark
Flesh marks
Brands resulting in white hair are a commonly used method of protecting horses against theft.
Freeze brands
Identification brands may also be placed on what part of the body
Hooves
tattooed on lip or gum
It is Black spots on the white marks
Ermine marks
usually reflects the color of the skin on the coronet.
Hoof color
These are official certificates that must be completed by a veterinary surgeon, who will note down a description of all markings and color on a sketch. The vet will also give a written description.
Identification certificates
Are outlined in red and filled with red diagonal lines
white markings
are shown by an X in black
whorls
it shows scars
tick in black
should be in black ink and should note the position of whorls and scars according to the sketch.
Written description
Fine horses are described as?
lightweight
those with a little more substance and bone are described as what?
middleweight
substantial weight carrying horse is known as what?
heavyweight
If the horse has characteristics of a certain breed, but the actual breed is unknown then it may be described as what?
Thoroughbred-type
Sometimes referred to as blood horses, these types evolved in warm environments. Owing to high temperatures they developed fine skins and coats. Their heads are shorter and finer. Finer and longer legs helped to rid the body of excess heat. These types tend to be more-sensitive and quick to react. tend to be more spirited and these include the Thoroughbred and Arab.
hotbloods
- These include heavier breeds such as draught horses (Clydesdale horse) and ponies. They are heavier and more thick set with deep wide bodies and shorter legs to maintain their body heat. They have thicker and longer coats with feathering around their lower legs to help keep them
warm in the colder climates.
cold bloods
- have resulted from crossbreeding hotbloods and coldbloods. Breeders have attempted to match desired traits from both groups such as athleticism from hotbloods and the toughness and calmer temperament of the draught horse.
warmblood
refers to the horse’s inherited structure.
conformation
Differentiate static conformation from dynamic conformation
Static conformation refers to the shape or the horse while the dynamic conformation refers to the way the horse moves.
It is not included in horse conformation
Horse actual performance in term of speed, endurance and jumping
The horse upper jaw is longer than the lower
Parrot mouthed
The horse upper jaw is shorter than the lower
Sow mouthed
as seen in stallions and many Welsh ponies, are not desirable in mares and geldings.
Heavy crests
line from the withers to the point of the shoulder, and the angle made by the pastern to the ground should be about the same.
Slope of shoulder
If the neck dips down in front of the withers . This is often seen in severely underweight horses
Ewe necked
The horse withers are lower than the croup
Croup high
Indicates breed or country origin and may be situated in neck, shoulder or quarters.
Brands
White markings on the leg
Sock
Stocking
Fetlock
Pastern
Coronet
Partial pastern