stress

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

a response elicited when a situation overwhelms a person’s perceived ability to meet the demands of a situation.

Question 2

stressors

Answer 2

events that trigger a stress response.

Question 3

primary appraisal

Answer 3

quick assessment of the meaning of a given environmental event for the individual.

Question 4

secondary appraisal

Answer 4

self-assessment of the resources available to cope with stress.

Question 5

neuroendocrine system

Answer 5

the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress.

Question 6

catecholamines

Answer 6

chemicals released from the adrenal glands that function as hormones and as neurotransmitters to control ANS activation.

Question 7

glucocorticoids

Answer 7

hormones responsible for maintaining the activation of physiological systems during emergencies.

Question 8

adrenal-medullary system

Answer 8

a major neuroendocrine pathway stimulated during stress, in which the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 9

norepinephrine

Answer 9

a neurotransmitter that activates the sympathetic response to stress, increasing heart rate, rate of respiration, and blood pressure in support of rapid action.

Question 10

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 10

a major neuroendocrine pathway relevant to the stress response involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the adrenal cortex.

Question 11

cortisol

Answer 11

stress hormone produced by the body to ensure that the body gets enough fuel during emotional arousal and stress.

Question 12

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 12

as defined by Hans Selye, a generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during extreme stress.

Question 13

resistance stage

Answer 13

n the general adaptation syndrome, extended effort by the body to deal with a threat.

Question 14

exhaustion stage

Answer 14

the phase of the general adaptation syndrome when all resources for fighting the threat have been depleted and illness is more likely.

Question 15

allostasis

Answer 15

process by which the body achieves stability through physiological change.

Question 16

problem-focused coping

Answer 16

way of dealing with stress that aims to change the situation that is creating stress.

Question 17

emotion-focused coping

Answer 17

way of dealing with stress that aims to regulate the experience of distress.

Question 18

psychosomatic theory

Answer 18

the idea that emotional factors can lead to the occurrence or worsening of illness.

Question 19

antigen

Answer 19

any foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

Question 20

health behavior approach

Answer 20

explanation for illness or health that focuses on the role of behaviors such as diet, exercise, or substance abuse.

Question 21

health psychology

Answer 21

the study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness.

Question 22

physiological reactivity model

Answer 22

explanation for the causal role of stress-related bodily changes in illness.

Question 23

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 23

the science of how psychological factors relate to changes in the immune system.

Question 24

natural immunity

Answer 24

form of immunity that is the first response to antigens.

Question 25

acquired immunity

Answer 25

immunity provided by antibodies produced in the body in response to specific antigens.

Question 26

cellular immunity

Answer 26

the immune response that occurs when the T lymphocytes (T cells) fight antigens.

Question 27

Type A Behavior Pattern

Answer 27

a way of responding to challenge or stress, characterized by hostility, impatience, competitiveness, and time urgency.

Question 28

cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) model

Answer 28

hypothesis that hostility can increase the likelihood of heart disease through at least two different causal routes.