Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is ideology?
Set of ideas on:
- the existing political order
- the ideal political order
- means to transform to the ideal political order
What are negative associations (ideology)?
Manipulation, brainwashing, bias
Traditional Ideologies
Rooted in enlightenment, emerged during industrial revolution
Enlightenment ideas: reason, knowledge, human process
Industrial Revolution: emergence middle class and working class
What is Liberalism?
rise of capitalist political economy, middle class
Based on the rights of individuals and liberty
3 types of liberalism
- Classic liberalism
- modern/social liberalism
- neo liberalism
What is socialism?
Opposition to capitalism, emergence working class
Aimed at providing a more humane alternative to capitalism/liberalism
Means and ends of socialism
Means:
- revolutionary socialism
- reformist socialism
Ends:
- equalitarian society
- public ownership
What is conservatism?
Against enlightenment ideas such as progress, rationality
“The world is too complex to be rationally understood “
Non-ideological
What is Nationalism?
Nation-state as ideal form of political community and rule
Enlightenment ideas, state based not on monarch/Christianity, but on a nation
3 types of Nationalism
- Ethnic Nationalism (exclusive born inside nation)
- Civic nationalism (inclusive anyone)
- Political nationalism
What is Globalisation?
Eroding power of the nation, more about ethnic and regional identities
What is Fascism?
Loyal to state, obedience to ruler
Example: Germany under Hitler, Italy under Mussolini
