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RADT 255 Radiographic Pathology > Urinary and Cardio > Flashcards

Urinary and Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of urinary system

A

regulates electrolytes, stimulates RBCs, controls blood pressure

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2
Q

filter waste products from the blood, reabsorb water and nutrients, secrete excess in the form of urine

A

nephron

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3
Q

tuft of capillaries that sustains higher blood pressure and filtrates blood into the bowmans capsule

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

which part of the kidney regulates electrolyte balance

A

loop of henle

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5
Q

when blood pH is higher than 7.45 it is considered

A

alkaline

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6
Q

secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, and aldosterone secreted by the adrenal glands regulate this process

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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7
Q

substance produced by the kidneys that stimulates the rate of production of RBCs

A

erythroprotein

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8
Q

an enzyme that acts with a plasma protein to produce angiotensin

A

renin

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9
Q

as BP increases, renin increases thus more ____ is caused

A

angiotensin

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10
Q

what is it called when someone only has one kidney

A

solitary kidney

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11
Q

what is it called when someone has a 3rd kidney

A

supernumerary kidney

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12
Q

a miniature replica of a normal kidney with normal function

A

hypoplastic kidney

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13
Q

when one kidney is forced to do the work of 2

A

compensatory hypertrophy

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14
Q

abnormally positioned kidney either in pelvis or above diaphragm

A

ectopic kidney

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15
Q

anomaly fusion where both kidneys are malrotated and their lower poles are joined by a band of normal parenchyma

A

horseshoe kidney

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16
Q

lies on the same side as a normal kidney and often fused with anomoly

A

crossed ectopia

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17
Q

produces a singular mass with no resemblance to a normal kidney

A

complete fusion

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18
Q

malformation that varies from a simple bifid pelvis to a completed double pelvis, ureter, uretervesical orifice

A

duplication

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19
Q

cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder, usually with stenosis of orifice prolapsing ureter into the bladder

A

ureterocele

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20
Q

transverse membranes causing bladder outlet obstruction lead to severe hydronephrosis and renal damage

A

proterior urethral valves

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21
Q

inflammatory process involving the tufts of capillaries that filter blood within the kidney

A

glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

when does glomerulonephritis usually occur after

A

weeks after URI, middle ear infection from streptococci

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23
Q

inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis caused by a pyogenic bacteria, affects interstitial tissue between tubules

A

pyelonephritis

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24
Q

occurs in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of kidney

A

emphysemateus pyelonephritis

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25
Q

pathology where kidney appears as a large black space

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

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26
Q

spread of TB leading to the development of small granulomas scattered in the cortex spreading to the renal pyramid causing ulcerative destruction which can lead to

A

fibrosis (leads to stricture)

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27
Q

destructive process involving meduallary papillae and renal pyramids

A

papillary necrosis

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28
Q

remaining calyx from this pathology leaves a round, sac, club-shaped

A

papillary necrosis

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29
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

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30
Q

kidney stones may result most commonly in

A

renal colic

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31
Q

deposits in renal parenchyma by hyperthyroidism, increased absorption of calcium, acidosis, and other mechanical failures

A

nephrocalcinosis

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32
Q

calculi, tumors, urethral strictures, enlarges prostates cause narrowing and blockage

A

urinary tract obstruction

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33
Q

in acute obstruction the affected kidney is delayed in filtering out contrast media, may take 48 hours to filter out

A

urinary tract obstruction

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34
Q

most common unifocal masses of the kidney, fluid filled and usually unilocular

A

renal cyst

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35
Q

an inherited disease in which multiple cysts cause lobulated enlargement of kidneys and renal impairment caused by cystic compression of nephrons

A

polycystic kidney disease

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36
Q

hypernephrons are the most common renal neoplasms, calcification with cystic mass

A

renal carcinoma

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37
Q

radiographically localized bulging or generalized renal enlargement

A

renal carcinoma

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38
Q

most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood

A

Wilms tumor

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39
Q

lesions that arise from embryonic renal tissue bilateral and tends to become a large and palpable mass

A

Wilms tumor

40
Q

bladder cancer is most common in

A

men over 50

41
Q

carcinoma that creates finger like projections in lumen or infiltrate the bladder wall

A

bladder cancer

42
Q

bladder cancer can be caused by

A

chemical exposures, smoking, parasitic infection

43
Q

looks like punctuate, coarse, or linear calcifications encrusted in the surface of the tumor

A

bladder cancer

44
Q

blood clot in renal vein (renal vein thrombosis) occurs most frequently with

A

children who are dehydrated

45
Q

radiographically acute total occlusion, kidney enlargement with monomal or no opacification

A

renal vein thrombosis

46
Q

rapid deterioration in kidney function resulting in accumulation of nitrogen, containing wastes in the blood and ammonia smelling breath

A

acute renal failure

47
Q

chronic renal failure is also called

A

uremia

48
Q

clear nitrogen containing wastes from blood leading to excessive levels or urea and creatine in the blood

A

chronic renal failure

49
Q

which valve lies between the right and left atria and ventricles that permits blood flow in one direction and are made of flaps of endocardium anchored to papillary muscles

A

atrioventricular

50
Q

How to describe the pulmonary circulatory loop

A

blood circulates to the lungs, to release the carbon dioxide and pick up new oxygen by the right side of the heart

51
Q

The contraction of the heart muscle is measured by

A

systolic equipment

52
Q

The narrowing of the coronary arteries causing oxygen deprivation of the myocardium and ischemic heart disease is referred to as

A

coronary artery disease

53
Q

Condition characterized by an inability of the heart to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume provide adequate supply resulting in tissue necrosis

A

congestive heart failure

54
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissue causing left sided heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

55
Q

condition described as a localized dilation of an artery often seen radiographically as curvilinear calcifications in the vessel wall especially in the abdominal region

A

aneurysm

56
Q

abnormal communication between the 2 atria causing increased pulmonary blood flow enlarging the right ventricle and pulmonary vessels

A

atrial septal defect

57
Q

rib notching is a sign of which condition

A

coarctation of the aorta

58
Q

condition that is an autoimmune response to antibodies produced as a result of repeated exposure to streptococcal infection causing fever, inflamed and painful joints, rash and damage to the heart valves

A

rheumatic fever

59
Q

accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart is termed

A

pericardial effusion

60
Q

dilated, elongated and tortuous vessels commonly involving superficial veins of the leg are called

A

varicose veins

61
Q

condition in diabetic patients and occurs when plaque builds up in intima and progressively narrows the lumen of a vessel

A

artherosclerosis

62
Q

narrowing of the coronary arteries causing oxygen deprivation of the myocarsium and ischemic heart disease

A

coronary artery disease

63
Q

temporary oxygen insufficiency causes

A

angina pectoris

64
Q

left sided heart failure appears as cardiac enlargement, enlargement of superior pulmonary veins, interstitial edema, alveolar adema and pleural effusions

A

congestive heart failure

65
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissue

A

pulmonary edema

66
Q

loss of sharp lines of pulmonary markings, perihilar haze, and a horizontal line at axillary margins of the lung inferiorly from interlobular fluid bat wing effect is known as

A

pulmonary edema

67
Q

bat wing effect is known as

A

pulmonary edema

68
Q

elevated blood pressure, leading cause of strokes and CHF

A

hypertension

69
Q

in order for someone to be considered with hypertension their blood pressure would be

A

140 over 90

70
Q

left ventricle contraction, greatest pressure in peripheral arteries

A

systolic BP

71
Q

left ventricle relaxation

A

diastolic BP

72
Q

rapid onset of hypertension that can lead to renal failure or cerebral hemorrhage

A

malignant hypertension

73
Q

gradual increase onset of hypertension

A

benign hypertension

74
Q

narrowing of systemic blood vessels and an increase resistance to blood flow from long standing hypertension

A

hypertensive heart disease

75
Q

left ventricular failure (HTN heart disease) can lead to

A

increased pulmonary venous pressure and congestive heart failure

76
Q

localized dilation of an artery, most commonly involves abdominal aorta

A

aneurysm

77
Q

results of artherosclerosis, syphilis, infections, trauma, congenital defects like Marfan’s syndrome

A

aneurysm

78
Q

moving blood clot

A

embolism

79
Q

when is thrombosis considered normal

A

blood clot is normal for when the body is trying to stop a hemorrhage from a vessel

80
Q

where does an emboli often originate and where does it get lodged

A

originates in the vein and then lodges in the artery of the heart

81
Q

a vessel extends from the bifurcation of the right pulmonary artery to join the aorta just distal to the subclavian artery

A

patent ductus arteriosis

82
Q

cardiomegaly with enlargement of the left atrium

A

patent ductus arteriosis

83
Q

most common cause of cyanotic congestive heart disease

A

tetraology of fallot

84
Q

toe of wooden shoe is known as

A

tetraology of fallot

85
Q

damage to the valves of the heart as a result of rheumatic fever from continuous strep infection

A

rheumatic heart disease

86
Q

malfunction of a valve to open and close with vascular pressure causing heart murmurs

A

valvular disease

87
Q

valve surgery that involves pulmonary pressure for rheumatic fever

A

mitral valve stenosis

88
Q

valve surgery where the mitral valve open, regulation of blood into right atrium causing overfilling and dilation

A

mitral insufficiency

89
Q

valve surgery through the bicuspid valve that obstructs the left ventricle

A

aortic stenosis

90
Q

reflux of blood from aorta to left ventricle causing dilation of ventricle

A

aortic insufficiency

91
Q

development of nodules or vegetations forming on heart valves

A

infective endocarditis

92
Q

when heart valves are filled with bacteria and tend to break apart easily to enter the bloodstream causing septic emboli

A

infective endocarditis

93
Q

accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart

A

pericardial effusion

94
Q

deep vein thrombosis primarily involves

A

lower extremity

95
Q

prolonged bed rest, infection, that can be potentially fatal is trauma that is common in lower extremities can cause

A

venous diseases or deep vein thrombosis

RADT 255 Radiographic Pathology (15 decks)

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