Health and Physical Activity in Our Society Flashcards

1
Q

Changing Demographics

A
  • 1900: life expectancy 50 years
  • 2023: life expectancy 81 years
  • 2043: is projected that 25% of the population will be 65 and older
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2
Q

Age Distribution, Under the Age of 14.

A
  • 2021: 17% of the population was under the age of 14
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3
Q

Fastest Growing Population Groups

A
  • Non-permanent residents (2.2
    million)
  • Indigenous Peoples (1.8 million)
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4
Q

Important for professionals to reflect on their view of cultural diversity. (Implications of Changing Demographics)

A

Cultural diversity (DeSensi): “Differences associated with gender, race, national origin,
ethnicity, social class, religion, age, and ability/disability, but it can also include differences in
personality, sexual orientation, veteran status, physical appearance, marital status, and
parental status.”

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5
Q

Important for professionals to continuously develop their cultural competence through awareness of and reflection on their own values, beliefs, biases, and prejudices. (Implications of Changing Demographics)

A
  • Culture: Refers to integrated patterns of human behaviour that include the language,
    thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups.
  • Culture influences an individual’s health, beliefs, behaviours, activities, access to care, adherence to programs, and treatment outcomes.
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6
Q

Competence

A

Implies having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an
organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by
consumers and their communities.

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7
Q

Cultural humility

A

The process of self-reflection and critique followed by action to create change in an unjust society.

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8
Q

Health and Wellness

A
  1. Health
  2. Holistic health
  3. Wellness
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9
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity —World Health Organization, 1947.

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10
Q

Holistic Health

A

Focuses on the whole person
and encompasses the intellectual and spiritual
dimensions of health in addition to the physical, mental, and social dimensions.

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11
Q

Wellness

A

State of optimal health and well-being in which an individual’s physical,
emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health are in balance.

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12
Q

Wellness Aspects

A
  1. Physical
  2. Emotional
  3. Social
  4. Mental
  5. Spiritual
  6. Environmental
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13
Q

Physical

A

How one’s body functions, freedom from disease, being
active on a regular basis, following sound nutritional
practices, maintaining a healthy body weight, and
getting sufficient sleep.

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14
Q

Emotional

A

Enhances well-being through acceptance of one’s
feelings, appropriately expressing a wide range of
emotions, and effectively managing stress.

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15
Q

Social

A

Emphasizes the development of interpersonal skills and
healthy, fulfilling relationships as well as contributing to
the welfare of others and one’s community.

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16
Q

Mental

A

Characterized by sound decision making skills,
intellectual growth, and high self-esteem

17
Q

Spiritual

A

Reflects a sense of purpose in life and living in
accordance with one’s beliefs and values

18
Q

Environmental

A
  • Encompasses where an individual lives and works.
  • Includes amount of noise, level of pollution, availability of safe places to walk, and type of housing.
19
Q

Chronic Disease in Canada (2021)

A
  • 45.1% of Canadians lived with at least one major chronic disease or risk factor.
    • Prevalence and number of chronic conditions increased with age and were higher for
      females compared with males across all age groups.
  • Most common chronic conditions: overweight (35.5%), obesity (29.2%), arthritis
    (19.5%) and high blood pressure (17.7%)
20
Q

Mental Health in Canada (2021)

A
  • Anxiety disorder: over 3.3 million Canadians aged 12 and older (10.4%)
  • Mood Disorder: over 3.1 million (9.6%) reported having a mood disorder.
  • Suicide
    • impacts people of all ages and backgrounds in Canada.
    • ~4,500 people die by suicide yearly (= 12 people /day).
21
Q

Obesity in Canadian adults

A
  • Risk factor for several chronic conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, cancer)
  • 2021:
    • 35.5% of adults were overweight
    • 29.2% were obese (in 1970s, 14% of Canadian adults qualified as obese)
22
Q

Overweight and Obesity in Youths

A

80% of overweight and obese children and adolescents are becoming overweight and obese
adults

23
Q

Implications of the Wellness Movement (School Physical Education)

A
  • Need for strong, passionate spokespeople on behalf of
    physical education and sport.
  • Should be an integral component of a comprehensive
    school physical activity program.
  • Should provide the foundation for participation in physical activities throughout one’s lifespan
24
Q

Implications of the Wellness Movement (School Settings)

A
  • Offer worksite health promotion programs to school employees.
  • Use of the school as a community centre during evening hours, on the weekend, and during
    the summer.
25
Q

Implications of the Wellness Movement (Community)

A
  • Offer more physical activity programs for older adults.
  • Increased worksite health promotion programs for employees at all levels that include fitness,
    recreation activities, and health promotion programs.
  • Continue to offer programs at commercial fitness clubs and community programs for individuals of all ages.
26
Q

Key Messages

A
  • People of all ages can benefit from physical activity.
  • People can improve their health by engaging in a moderate amount of physical activity on a regular basis.
  • Greater health benefits can be achieved by increasing the amount of physical activity, through changing the duration, frequency, or intensity of effort.
27
Q

Implications of the Fitness and Physical Activity Movement 1

A
  • School-based programs must teach students the skills for lifetime participation and foster an
    appreciation for the value of fitness and physical activity.
  • Professionals must understand the inequities, the strong feelings they evoke, and the strategies that can be effectively employed to change the situation.