Health and Physical Activity in Our Society

Question 1

Changing Demographics

Answer 1

• 1900: life expectancy 50 years
• 2023: life expectancy 81 years
• 2043: is projected that 25% of the population will be 65 and older

Question 2

Age Distribution, Under the Age of 14.

Answer 2

• 2021: 17% of the population was under the age of 14

Question 3

Fastest Growing Population Groups

Answer 3

• Non-permanent residents (2.2
  million)
• Indigenous Peoples (1.8 million)

Question 4

Important for professionals to reflect on their view of cultural diversity. (Implications of Changing Demographics)

Answer 4

Cultural diversity (DeSensi): “Differences associated with gender, race, national origin,
ethnicity, social class, religion, age, and ability/disability, but it can also include differences in
personality, sexual orientation, veteran status, physical appearance, marital status, and
parental status.”

Question 5

Important for professionals to continuously develop their cultural competence through awareness of and reflection on their own values, beliefs, biases, and prejudices. (Implications of Changing Demographics)

Answer 5

• Culture: Refers to integrated patterns of human behaviour that include the language,
  thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups.
• Culture influences an individual’s health, beliefs, behaviours, activities, access to care, adherence to programs, and treatment outcomes.

Question 6

Competence

Answer 6

Implies having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an
organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by
consumers and their communities.

Question 7

Cultural humility

Answer 7

The process of self-reflection and critique followed by action to create change in an unjust society.

Question 8

Health and Wellness

Answer 8

1. Health
2. Holistic health
3. Wellness

Question 9

Health

Answer 9

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity —World Health Organization, 1947.

Question 10

Holistic Health

Answer 10

Focuses on the whole person
and encompasses the intellectual and spiritual
dimensions of health in addition to the physical, mental, and social dimensions.

Question 11

Wellness

Answer 11

State of optimal health and well-being in which an individual’s physical,
emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health are in balance.

Question 12

Wellness Aspects

Answer 12

1. Physical
2. Emotional
3. Social
4. Mental
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental

Question 13

Physical

Answer 13

How one’s body functions, freedom from disease, being
active on a regular basis, following sound nutritional
practices, maintaining a healthy body weight, and
getting sufficient sleep.

Question 14

Emotional

Answer 14

Enhances well-being through acceptance of one’s
feelings, appropriately expressing a wide range of
emotions, and effectively managing stress.

Question 15

Social

Answer 15

Emphasizes the development of interpersonal skills and
healthy, fulfilling relationships as well as contributing to
the welfare of others and one’s community.

Question 16

Mental

Answer 16

Characterized by sound decision making skills,
intellectual growth, and high self-esteem

Question 17

Spiritual

Answer 17

Reflects a sense of purpose in life and living in
accordance with one’s beliefs and values

Question 18

Environmental

Answer 18

• Encompasses where an individual lives and works.
• Includes amount of noise, level of pollution, availability of safe places to walk, and type of housing.

Question 19

Chronic Disease in Canada (2021)

Answer 19

• 45.1% of Canadians lived with at least one major chronic disease or risk factor.
  
  • Prevalence and number of chronic conditions increased with age and were higher for
    females compared with males across all age groups.
• Most common chronic conditions: overweight (35.5%), obesity (29.2%), arthritis
  (19.5%) and high blood pressure (17.7%)

Question 20

Mental Health in Canada (2021)

Answer 20

• Anxiety disorder: over 3.3 million Canadians aged 12 and older (10.4%)
• Mood Disorder: over 3.1 million (9.6%) reported having a mood disorder.
• Suicide
  
  • impacts people of all ages and backgrounds in Canada.
  • ~4,500 people die by suicide yearly (= 12 people /day).

Question 21

Obesity in Canadian adults

Answer 21

• Risk factor for several chronic conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, cancer)
• 2021:
  
  • 35.5% of adults were overweight
  • 29.2% were obese (in 1970s, 14% of Canadian adults qualified as obese)

Question 22

Overweight and Obesity in Youths

Answer 22

80% of overweight and obese children and adolescents are becoming overweight and obese
adults

Question 23

Implications of the Wellness Movement (School Physical Education)

Answer 23

• Need for strong, passionate spokespeople on behalf of
  physical education and sport.
• Should be an integral component of a comprehensive
  school physical activity program.
• Should provide the foundation for participation in physical activities throughout one’s lifespan

Question 24

Implications of the Wellness Movement (School Settings)

Answer 24

• Offer worksite health promotion programs to school employees.
• Use of the school as a community centre during evening hours, on the weekend, and during
  the summer.

Question 25

Implications of the Wellness Movement (Community)

Answer 25

• Offer more physical activity programs for older adults.
• Increased worksite health promotion programs for employees at all levels that include fitness,
  recreation activities, and health promotion programs.
• Continue to offer programs at commercial fitness clubs and community programs for individuals of all ages.

Question 26

Key Messages

Answer 26

• People of all ages can benefit from physical activity.
• People can improve their health by engaging in a moderate amount of physical activity on a regular basis.
• Greater health benefits can be achieved by increasing the amount of physical activity, through changing the duration, frequency, or intensity of effort.

Question 27

Implications of the Fitness and Physical Activity Movement 1

Answer 27

• School-based programs must teach students the skills for lifetime participation and foster an
  appreciation for the value of fitness and physical activity.
• Professionals must understand the inequities, the strong feelings they evoke, and the strategies that can be effectively employed to change the situation.