cardio Flashcards
The most common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is:
hypertension
Which immune rejection can be avoided in transplantation using an immunosupressing treatment?
Acute
If too little blood flows into the ventricles, you might think of:
Hypotesion
The first sound in the phonocardiogram in the cardiac cycle is associated with:
Mitral and Tricuspid valve closes
Where is released the hormone renin?
In the kidney
Which is an important chemical component in the local blood regulation of blood pressure?
NO (nitric oxide)
components in the pathophysiology of hypertension
increase of vascular resistance
Smooth muscle cell contraction
Systemic vasoconstriction
Which is the most frequent etiology of heart failure?
Hypertension
How does the narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis affect myocardial oxygen supply and demand?
It decreases myocardial oxygen supply and increases demand
What is the most common underlying cause of atherosclerosis, contributing to the development of coronary artery disease?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the ventricle contract, causing a rise in ventricular pressure and closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves)?
Isovolumetric contraction
Which physiological factors related to the kidneys are implicated in the development of essential hypertension?
Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
What role does vascular dysfunction play in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, and how does it contribute to elevated blood pressure levels?
Vascular dysfunction leads to increased peripheral vascular resistance
What is the primary pathological process that leads to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Atherosclerosis
What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the cardiac conduction system?
Delaying the impulse transmission to the ventricles
