CHINESE Flashcards
Influenced by conservative philosophies like
Confucianism, Taoism
Traditional Chinese buildings are always found in _____________, whether they are residences, temples or palaces.
pairs or groups
Styles of Chinese ancient architecture are _____ and ____, such as temples, imperial palaces, altars, pavilions, official residences and folk houses, which greatly reflect Chinese ancient thought – the harmonious unity of human beings with nature.
rich and varied
Most structures in Chinese Architecture are simple _________ , and it is the architectural complex composed by single structures rather than the single structures themselves that expresses the broadness and magnanimousness of ancient Chinese Architecture.
rectangles
Feng shui is based on G_______
GEOMANCY
Basic materials:
T_______
B_______
B______ S
L_______ & S ______
TIMBER
BAMBOO
BRICKS
LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE
PERSEA NANMU
tallest and straightest of all trees in China
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER CHINESE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE
C_______ of S________
Enclosure and/or _____________
H_______y
H_________ E_________
__________ and c__________
C__________
Concept of Symmetry
Enclosure and/or modular system
Hierarchy
Horizontal Emphasis
Material and construction
Cosmology
THE AXIAL CITY PLAN AND SITE PLAN is influenced by?
Confucianism
An _____________ layout was the most suitable means of expressing the concept of rigid hierarchical social system in ancient China.
axial symmetrical city layout
*axial layout**
The placement of buildings in a property or complex are based on the _______ and the importance of building.
Hierarchy
Buildings with doors facing the front of the property are important than those facing sides
Buildings facing away from the front of the property are least important
_______-facing = held in higher esteem and reserved for elder members/ ancestral plaques
South facing
____&____ = for junior members of family
East & West
Common Characteristics of Classical Chinese cities
Axial layout/plan
- place important building at the center
Square plan
Enclosed inside wall
Essential point of Confucianism is ________ = primary source of happiness is harmony in family
HARMONY
= major axis
= minor axis
North-South
East-West
TING (____) – largest and the most formal room used to treat important guests
TANG (_________) – the place to hold family meeting
L’OU (________) – the place for family member live and for taking advantage of scenery
TING (_______) – the place for relaxation
Hall
living room
Apartment
pavilion
Ancient Chinese house = enclosed by high __________, 1 or 2 doors lead out to the street
solid walls
What type of system/technique uses one of the basic principles of classical Chinese buildings is the use of a module
Modular system
– a structured by as a standard unit to construct all buildings. It is a rectangular space marked by adjacent structural frames.
Jian
The art of traditional Chinese architecture may be seen as the ________ of _____
aesthetic of wood
Use of COURTYARDS
Temperature regulation & venting the building complexes
Commonly found in Northern Chinese Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Serves to collect rain water from the roof tops
Sky well
Vents for rising hot air and most important feature in Hui Style Architecture
Sky well
Wood framework systems for Chinese homes and other buildings were standardized by the
Ming Dynasty
WOODEN FRAMING SYSTEM
To support the ___________ – distributes gravitational forces _________ and then out through the wooden frame
heavy tile roof
downward
Non load-bearing walls can be made of many diff materials:
B
E
W
B
C______ s_____
brick, earth, wood, bamboo, or cotton stalks
Pillars and Beams
TAI-LANG
Pillar and Transverse Tie Beam
CHUAN DUO
Difference from European traditions is that Chinese timber buildings do not rely on triangular bracing to create rigidity, but use instead elaborately jointed corbelled brackets known
dougongs