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HOA 3 Asian Architecture > INDIAN > Flashcards

INDIAN Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the story of how powerful and popular religions celebrated their beliefs through monumental design

A

Early Indian architecture

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2
Q

Materials used

A

Timber
White Marble
Rock-cut

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3
Q

North roof

A

Flat roof

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4
Q

West coast roof

A

Pitched

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5
Q

3 Indian periods

A

Jain
Mughal
Hindu

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6
Q

2 regional styles

A

Nagara
Dravida

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7
Q

Indian Buddhist Monastery

A. Vihara
B. Pagoda
C. Chaitya

A

A. VIHARA

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8
Q

Indian Buddhist Temple

A. TORANA–
B. BAS RELIEFS
C. CHAITYA

A

C. CHAITYA

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9
Q

Depicting scenes of daily life and story of Buddha. The female form in its voluptuous form is often used

A. BAS RELIEFS
B. STUPA
C. GOPURAM

A

A. BAS RELIEF

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10
Q

Architect of Indian Museum in Calcutta, the Largest & oldest museum in India

A

WALTER GRANVILLE

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11
Q

Gateway to Indian Temple

A. TORANA
B. GOPURAM
C. GARBA GRIHA

A

A. TORANA

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12
Q

Gateway to Dravidian Temple

A. GOPURAM
B. TORANA
C. VIHARA

A

A. GOPURAM

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13
Q

Oldest Buddhist temple in central Java

A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. KALASAN TEMPLE
C. TAJ MAHAL

A

B. KALASAN TEMPLE

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14
Q

Largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia with magnificent spectacle and an icon of Indonesia’s cultural heritage

A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. KALASAN TEMPLE

A

C. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE

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15
Q

Temple Mound

A. STUPA
B. SIKHARA
C. PAGODA

A

A. STUPA

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16
Q

Temple Spire

A. TORANA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. SIKHARA

A

C. SIKHARA

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17
Q

Temple Tower

A. SIKHARA
B. STUPA
C. PAGODA

A

C. PAGODA

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18
Q

Womb-chamber / inner chamber of the temple

A. GARBA GRIHA
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. CHAITYA

A

A. GARBA GRIHA

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19
Q

Entrance Hall

A. NATA MANDIRA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. ANTE CHAMBER

A

C. ANTE CHAMBER

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20
Q

hall for temple-dancing / temple hall

A. PUJARIS
B. DEVALAYA
C. NATA MANDIRA

A

C. NATA MANDIRA

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21
Q

dwelling place of a particular god

A. PRASADA
B. DEVALAYA
C. TIRTHA

A

B. DEVALAYA

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22
Q

a sacred place where heaven and earth meet

A

TIRTHA

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23
Q

The religion that has evolved due to the combination of faths of Aryans & Dravidians

A

Hinduism

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24
Q

Founded by MAHAVEER or VADHAMAN around 599BC

A

Jain

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25
Q

“nirvana”

A

Jain “praise be to God”

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26
Q

“nirvana”

A

Jain, “praise be to God”

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27
Q

Comprises many urban settlements,
including the large cities of Harappa & Mojenjo Daro.

A

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

28
Q

Peaks of the towers rising from the core of Hindu Temples

A

SIKHARA

29
Q

Hindu Temples tell stories as they rise skywards

A. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
B. ANIMAL STATUARY
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS

A

C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS

30
Q

To Hindus, all life is sacred and deserving of representation

A. ANIMAL STATUARY
B. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
C. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS

A

A. ANIMAL STATUARY

31
Q

It was art form in itself, requiring years of disciplined training

A. ANIMAL STATUARY
B. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS

A

B FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS

32
Q

_____ gained prominence duing the reign of the emperor Ashoka around 3rd Century BC

A

BUDDHIST

33
Q

Place of Worship with stupa at one end

A. CHAITYA HALL
B. STUPA
C. VIHARA

A

A. CHAITYA HALL

34
Q

Type of stupa: relics or remains of the Buddha

A. VOTIVE STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
C. RELIC STUPA

A

C. RELIC STUPA

35
Q

type of stupa: objects of stupa

A. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
C. SYMBOLIC STUPA

A

B. OBJECT STUPA

36
Q

type of stupa: built to commemorate events in the lives of Buddha or his disciples

A. RELIC STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA

A

B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA

37
Q

Type of stupa: to symbolize aspects of Buddhist theology

A. SYMBOLIC STUPA
B. VOTIVE STUPA

A

A. SYMBOLIC STUPA

38
Q

type of stupa: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits, usually at the site of prominent stupas which are regularly visited.

A. VOTIVE STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA

A

A. VOTIVE STUPA

39
Q

THE STUPA MAY REPRESENT THE 5 PURIFIED ELEMENTS:

SQUARE =
HEMISPHERICAL FOME/VASE =
CONICAL SPIRE =
UPPER LOTUS PARASOL & CRESCENT MOON =
SUN & DISSOLVING POINT =

A

Earth
Water
Fire
Air
Space

40
Q

Buddha’s first ever discourse, delivered here at Sarnath, is known in Pali as the Dhammacakkhapavatthana Sutta, to five disciples who was preaching the middle path for attaining Nirvana

A. SANCHI STUPA
B. SARNATH TEMPLE

A

B. SARNATH TEMPLE

41
Q

The foundation stone was laid by one of the greatest emperors of India, Ashoka

A. SANCHI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA

A

A. SANCHI STUPA

42
Q

Oldest stone structure in India  Simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha
Crowned by chatra– parasol-like symbolizing high rank

A. HINDU TEMPLES
B. SANCHI STUPA

A

B. SANCHI STUPA

43
Q

“Mahachaitya Stupa”

A. SANCHI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA

A

B. AMRAVATI STUPA

44
Q

LARGEST STUPA in India
Birthplace of Buddhism
Built during 2nd century BCE

A. AMRAVATI STUPA
B. SANCHI STUPA

A

A. AMRAVATI

45
Q

Early temples were _______

A

Rock-cut

46
Q

The temple is a representation of the macrocosm (________) as well as the microcosm (______________)

A

the universe
the inner space

47
Q

the __________ or womb-chamber, is where the image is housed

A

Garba griha

48
Q

The structural system of temples was essentially _____ &______ and with massive blocks of stone being the basic raw material for local craftsman

A

POST AND BEAM

49
Q

The first materials used were _____ and __________, but architects gradually moved on to brick and stone, especially sandstone, granite, schist and marble

A

wood
terracotta

50
Q

*3 MAJOR INDIAN TEMPLE TYPES:

NAGARA STYLE –
DRAVIDA –
VESARA –

A

Northern
Southern
Hybrid style

51
Q

Characterized by a BEEHIVE shaped tower called a SHIKHARA

A

NAGARA STYLE

52
Q

Type of temple
The plan is based on a square

A

NAGARA STYLE

53
Q

Type of temple
Have arches known as GAVAKSHAS and are topped by an AMALAKA – large fluted stone disk – and also a small pot and finial

A

NAGARA STYLE

54
Q

Style Developed around the 5th century

A

NAGARA STYLE

55
Q

Style Developed around 7th century

A

SOUTHERN DRAVIDA STYLE

56
Q

Pyramid shaped tower consisting of progressively smaller storeys of small pavilions, a narrow throat, a dome on top

A

DRAVIDA STYLE

57
Q

Towers = VIMANA are more dome-like with cornices, and they are topped by another smaller dome

A

DRAVIDA STYLE

58
Q

The most famous Islamic buildings in Inda emerged during the _______ Period

A

Mughal

59
Q

Mughal
Building material: constructed mostly of ___ ______ and _____ _______

A

red sandstone
white marble

60
Q

Built with a special Mughal (Mogul) type of architecture which is a combination of many different types of architecture including Persian, Central, Asian and Islamic

A

Taj mahal

61
Q

Taj mahal was erected by S____ J_____ to the memory of Arjumand Banu Begum called MUMTAZ MAHAL

A

SHAH JAHAN

62
Q

Taj mahal took how many years to construct

A

22 yrs

63
Q

_______ is a religion basically followed in the northern Indian state of Punjab and forms the fourth largest community in India

A

Sikhism

64
Q

The sikh boast of the most prominent temple that describes the Indian architecture, The ______ Temple, made completely of GOLD

A

Golden

65
Q

Characteristics of sikh architecture

A

Vigor
Valor
Versatility

66
Q

This architecture as many curves and straight lines

A

Sikh architecture

HOA 3 Asian Architecture (5 decks)

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