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HOA 3 Asian Architecture > INDIAN > Flashcards

INDIAN Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

_________ is the story of how powerful and popular religions celebrated their beliefs through monumental design

A

Early Indian architecture

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2
Q

Materials used

A

Timber
White Marble
Rock-cut

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3
Q

North roof

A

Flat roof

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4
Q

West coast roof

A

Pitched

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5
Q

3 Indian periods

A

Jain
Mughal
Hindu

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6
Q

2 regional styles

A

Nagara
Dravida

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7
Q

Indian Buddhist Monastery

A. Vihara
B. Pagoda
C. Chaitya

A

A. VIHARA

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8
Q

Indian Buddhist Temple

A. TORANA–
B. BAS RELIEFS
C. CHAITYA

A

C. CHAITYA

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9
Q

Depicting scenes of daily life and story of Buddha. The female form in its voluptuous form is often used

A. BAS RELIEFS
B. STUPA
C. GOPURAM

A

A. BAS RELIEF

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10
Q

Architect of Indian Museum in Calcutta, the Largest & oldest museum in India

A

WALTER GRANVILLE

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11
Q

Gateway to Indian Temple

A. TORANA
B. GOPURAM
C. GARBA GRIHA

A

A. TORANA

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12
Q

Gateway to Dravidian Temple

A. GOPURAM
B. TORANA
C. VIHARA

A

A. GOPURAM

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13
Q

Oldest Buddhist temple in central Java

A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. KALASAN TEMPLE
C. TAJ MAHAL

A

B. KALASAN TEMPLE

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14
Q

Largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia with magnificent spectacle and an icon of Indonesia’s cultural heritage

A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. KALASAN TEMPLE

A

C. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE

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15
Q

Temple Mound

A. STUPA
B. SIKHARA
C. PAGODA

A

A. STUPA

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16
Q

Temple Spire

A. TORANA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. SIKHARA

A

C. SIKHARA

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17
Q

Temple Tower

A. SIKHARA
B. STUPA
C. PAGODA

A

C. PAGODA

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18
Q

Womb-chamber / inner chamber of the temple

A. GARBA GRIHA
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. CHAITYA

A

A. GARBA GRIHA

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19
Q

Entrance Hall

A. NATA MANDIRA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. ANTE CHAMBER

A

C. ANTE CHAMBER

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20
Q

hall for temple-dancing / temple hall

A. PUJARIS
B. DEVALAYA
C. NATA MANDIRA

A

C. NATA MANDIRA

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21
Q

dwelling place of a particular god

A. PRASADA
B. DEVALAYA
C. TIRTHA

A

B. DEVALAYA

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22
Q

a sacred place where heaven and earth meet

A

TIRTHA

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23
Q

The religion that has evolved due to the combination of faths of Aryans & Dravidians

A

Hinduism

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24
Q

Founded by MAHAVEER or VADHAMAN around 599BC

A

Jain

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25
"nirvana"
Jain "praise be to God"
26
"nirvana"
Jain, "praise be to God"
27
Comprises many urban settlements, including the large cities of **Harappa & Mojenjo Daro.**
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
28
**Peaks of the towers** rising from the core of Hindu Temples
SIKHARA
29
Hindu Temples tell stories as they rise skywards A. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS B. ANIMAL STATUARY C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
30
To Hindus, **all life** is sacred and deserving of representation A. ANIMAL STATUARY B. SYMBOLIC LAYERS C. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
A. ANIMAL STATUARY
31
It was art form in itself, requiring years of disciplined training A. ANIMAL STATUARY B. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
B FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
32
_____ gained prominence duing the reign of the emperor **Ashoka** around **3rd Century BC**
BUDDHIST
33
**Place of Worship** with stupa at one end A. CHAITYA HALL B. STUPA C. VIHARA
A. CHAITYA HALL
34
**Type of stupa:** relics or remains of the Buddha A. VOTIVE STUPA B. OBJECT STUPA C. RELIC STUPA
C. RELIC STUPA
35
**type of stupa:** objects of stupa A. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA B. OBJECT STUPA C. SYMBOLIC STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
36
**type of stupa:** built to commemorate events in the lives of Buddha or his disciples A. RELIC STUPA B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
37
**Type of stupa:** to symbolize aspects of Buddhist theology A. SYMBOLIC STUPA B. VOTIVE STUPA
A. SYMBOLIC STUPA
38
**type of stupa:** constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits, usually at the site of prominent stupas which are regularly visited. A. VOTIVE STUPA B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
A. VOTIVE STUPA
39
**THE STUPA MAY REPRESENT THE 5 PURIFIED ELEMENTS:** SQUARE = HEMISPHERICAL FOME/VASE = CONICAL SPIRE = UPPER LOTUS PARASOL & CRESCENT MOON = SUN & DISSOLVING POINT =
Earth Water Fire Air Space
40
Buddha’s **first ever discourse,** delivered here at Sarnath, is known in Pali as the **Dhammacakkhapavatthana Sutta**, to five disciples who was preaching the middle path for attaining Nirvana A. SANCHI STUPA B. SARNATH TEMPLE
B. SARNATH TEMPLE
41
The foundation stone was laid by one of the greatest emperors of India, **Ashoka** A. SANCHI STUPA B. AMRAVATI STUPA
A. SANCHI STUPA
42
**Oldest stone structure** in India  Simple **hemispherical brick structure** built over the relics of the Buddha Crowned by **chatra**– parasol-like symbolizing high rank A. HINDU TEMPLES B. SANCHI STUPA
B. SANCHI STUPA
43
“Mahachaitya Stupa” A. SANCHI STUPA B. AMRAVATI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA
44
**LARGEST STUPA** in India **Birthplace** of Buddhism Built during 2nd century BCE A. AMRAVATI STUPA B. SANCHI STUPA
A. AMRAVATI
45
Early temples were _______
Rock-cut
46
The temple is a representation of the **macrocosm** (________) as well as the **microcosm** (______________)
the universe the inner space
47
the __________ or **womb-chamber**, is where the image is housed
Garba griha
48
The structural system of temples was essentially _____ &______ and with **massive blocks of stone** being the **basic raw material** for local craftsman
POST AND BEAM
49
The **first materials** used were _____ and __________, but architects gradually moved on to brick and stone, especially sandstone, granite, schist and marble
wood terracotta
50
*3 MAJOR INDIAN TEMPLE TYPES: NAGARA STYLE – DRAVIDA – VESARA –
Northern Southern Hybrid style
51
Characterized by a **BEEHIVE shaped tower** called a SHIKHARA
NAGARA STYLE
52
**Type of temple** The plan is based on a **square**
NAGARA STYLE
53
**Type of temple** Have arches known as **GAVAKSHAS** and are topped by an **AMALAKA** – large fluted stone disk – and also a small pot and finial
NAGARA STYLE
54
Style Developed around the **5th century**
NAGARA STYLE
55
Style Developed around **7th century**
SOUTHERN DRAVIDA STYLE
56
**Pyramid shaped tower** consisting of progressively smaller storeys of small pavilions, a narrow throat, a dome on top
DRAVIDA STYLE
57
Towers = **VIMANA** are more dome-like with cornices, and they are **topped by another smaller dome**
DRAVIDA STYLE
58
The **most famous Islamic buildings** in Inda emerged during the _______ Period
Mughal
59
**Mughal** Building material: constructed mostly of ___ ______ and _____ _______
red sandstone white marble
60
Built with a special **Mughal (Mogul)** type of architecture which is a combination of many different types of architecture including **Persian, Central, Asian and Islamic**
Taj mahal
61
Taj mahal was erected by S____ J_____ to the memory of **Arjumand Banu Begum called MUMTAZ MAHAL**
SHAH JAHAN
62
Taj mahal took **how many years** to construct
22 yrs
63
_______ is a **religion** basically followed in the northern Indian state of Punjab and forms the **fourth largest** community in India
Sikhism
64
The **sikh** boast of the most prominent temple that describes the Indian architecture, The ______ Temple, made completely of **GOLD**
Golden
65
Characteristics of **sikh architecture**
Vigor Valor Versatility
66
This architecture as many **curves and straight lines**
Sikh architecture

HOA 3 Asian Architecture (5 decks)

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