CHINESE

Question 1

Influenced by conservative philosophies like

Answer 1

Confucianism, Taoism

Question 2

Traditional Chinese buildings are always found in _____________, whether they are residences, temples or palaces.

Answer 2

pairs or groups

Question 3

Styles of Chinese ancient architecture are _____ and ____, such as temples, imperial palaces, altars, pavilions, official residences and folk houses, which greatly reflect Chinese ancient thought – the harmonious unity of human beings with nature.

Answer 3

rich and varied

Question 4

Most structures in Chinese Architecture are simple _________ , and it is the architectural complex composed by single structures rather than the single structures themselves that expresses the broadness and magnanimousness of ancient Chinese Architecture.

Answer 4

rectangles

Question 5

Feng shui is based on G_______

Answer 5

GEOMANCY

Question 6

Basic materials:
T_______
B_______
B______ S
L_______ & S ______

Answer 6

TIMBER
BAMBOO
BRICKS
LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE

Question 7

PERSEA NANMU

Answer 7

tallest and straightest of all trees in China

Question 8

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER CHINESE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE

C_______ of S________
Enclosure and/or _____________
H_______y
H_________ E_________
__________ and c__________
C__________

Answer 8

Concept of Symmetry
Enclosure and/or modular system
Hierarchy
Horizontal Emphasis
Material and construction
Cosmology

Question 9

THE AXIAL CITY PLAN AND SITE PLAN is influenced by?

Answer 9

Confucianism

Question 10

An _____________ layout was the most suitable means of expressing the concept of rigid hierarchical social system in ancient China.

Answer 10

axial symmetrical city layout

Question 11

*axial layout**
The placement of buildings in a property or complex are based on the _______ and the importance of building.

Answer 11

Hierarchy

Question 12

Buildings with doors facing the front of the property are important than those facing sides

Question 13

Buildings facing away from the front of the property are least important

Question 14

_______-facing = held in higher esteem and reserved for elder members/ ancestral plaques

Answer 14

South facing

Question 15

____&____ = for junior members of family

Answer 15

East & West

Question 16

Common Characteristics of Classical Chinese cities

Answer 16

Axial layout/plan
- place important building at the center
Square plan
Enclosed inside wall

Question 17

Essential point of Confucianism is ________ = primary source of happiness is harmony in family

Answer 17

HARMONY

Question 18

= major axis
= minor axis

Answer 18

North-South
East-West

Question 19

TING (____) – largest and the most formal room used to treat important guests
TANG (_________) – the place to hold family meeting
L’OU (________) – the place for family member live and for taking advantage of scenery
TING (_______) – the place for relaxation

Answer 19

Hall
living room
Apartment
pavilion

Question 20

Ancient Chinese house = enclosed by high __________, 1 or 2 doors lead out to the street

Answer 20

solid walls

Question 21

What type of system/technique uses one of the basic principles of classical Chinese buildings is the use of a module

Answer 21

Modular system

Question 22

– a structured by as a standard unit to construct all buildings. It is a rectangular space marked by adjacent structural frames.

Answer 22

Jian

Question 23

The art of traditional Chinese architecture may be seen as the ________ of _____

Answer 23

aesthetic of wood

Question 24

Use of COURTYARDS
Temperature regulation & venting the building complexes
Commonly found in Northern Chinese Architecture

Answer 24

ENCLOSURE

Question 25

Serves to **collect rain water** from the roof tops

Answer 25

Sky well

Question 26

**Vents** for rising hot air and **most important feature** in **Hui Style Architecture**

Answer 26

Sky well

Question 27

**Wood framework systems** for Chinese homes and other buildings were standardized by the

Answer 27

Ming Dynasty

Question 28

**WOODEN FRAMING SYSTEM** To **support** the ___________ – distributes **gravitational forces** _________ and then out through the wooden frame

Answer 28

heavy tile roof downward

Question 29

**Non load-bearing walls** can be made of many diff materials: B E W B C______ s_____

Answer 29

brick, earth, wood, bamboo, or cotton stalks

Question 30

Pillars and Beams

Answer 30

TAI-LANG

Question 31

Pillar and Transverse Tie Beam

Answer 31

CHUAN DUO

Question 32

Difference from European traditions is that Chinese timber buildings do not rely on triangular bracing to create rigidity, but use instead elaborately jointed **corbelled brackets** known

Answer 32

dougongs

Question 33

**Pillars-and-Transverse-tie-beams systems** under construction in **Sichuan province** Often used in the **south**where the houses are deeper

Answer 33

CHUAN DUO SYSTEM

Question 34

**Curved roof with raised eaves** would enable more ____ to enter the house and better view outside from inside

Answer 34

light

Question 35

**Dragons (Long)** = represent the

Answer 35

emperor and divinity

Question 36

**Phoenix (Feng)** =

Answer 36

affluence

Question 37

**Tiger** – represent

Answer 37

divine power and strength

Question 38

roof framing of chinese

Answer 38

SQUARE

Question 39

**Single or double hip roofs** are reserved for the **most important buildings**

Answer 39

WUDIAN

Question 40

**Gable roofs (single or double)** have nine ridges, in contrast to the five ridges of hip roofs. This style denotes temples or mansions of **secondary importance*" constructed for high-ranking officials

Answer 40

XIESHAN

Question 41

**6 Categories of roof style**

Answer 41

Hip - most important Gable - secondary important Pyramid - garden Flush gable - worker's house Overhanging gable - servants house Round ridge - gardens and side halls

Question 42

Arranged like **flowers**

Answer 42

DOUGONG (Corbel brackets)

Question 43

**The Hall of Supreme Harmony** boasts __________ ornaments

Answer 43

13,433 individual dragons

Question 44

**Statuettes placed along the ridge line** of official buildings of the Chinese empire Only for **Official buildings** (palaces, governments, and some temples)

Answer 44

ZENGWEN (Zoomorphic Ornaments

Question 45

**Highest and biggest** city

Answer 45

IMPERIAL CITY

Question 46

It is the world’s **largest palace complex**

Answer 46

FORBIDDEN CITY | 1407-20

Question 47

**FORBIDDEN CITY** 3 BIG HALLS WHERE THE EMPEROR HOLDS GRAND CELEBRATIONS

Answer 47

SUPREME HARMONY MIDDLE HARMONY PRESERVING HARMONY

Question 48

MERIDIAN GATE

Answer 48

Main and most important gate “Noon Gate”

Question 49

FOO LION

Answer 49

Gate of Heavenly Purity, Imperial Palace. Also called Foo Dogs

Question 50

GOLD

Answer 50

Noblest color

Question 51

HEXICAIHUA

Answer 51

a kind of Chinese color painting

Question 52

Introduced to China from **India** around the first century AD

Answer 52

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE

Question 53

Divided into three branches: **Chinese** Buddhism **Tibetan** Buddhism **Pali** Buddhism

Answer 53

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE

Question 54

PINYIN TA

Answer 54

PAGODA

Question 55

Pagoda, ______ plan

Answer 55

Octagonal

Question 56

Usual **number** of pagodas

Answer 56

13

Question 57

Pagoda ______ in plan

Answer 57

Polygonal

Question 58

Pagoda have ___ **number if layers (7/9 layer)**

Answer 58

Odd

Question 59

The shape of cross-section of **pagoda** is _________, **8 sided or even circular**

Answer 59

rectangular

Question 60

TA'IS

Answer 60

Chinese pagoda

Question 61

**SONGYUE PAGODA**

Answer 61

oldest existent stone pagoda in China

Question 62

Often **chiselled** into cliffs

Answer 62

GROTTOES

Question 63

**YUNGANG GROTTOES** ___ statues from the ___ caves survive Datong of Shanxi Province

Answer 63

50 thousand 52 caves

Question 64

**Main form** of Buddhist Architecture

Answer 64

TEMPLE

Question 65

Temples follows Imperial Style but with ____ roof tiles

Answer 65

green

Question 66

**Buddhist temples** tend to be **decorated** in ___ or _____, and there is a main hall for a statue of **Bodhisattva**

Answer 66

red Black

Question 67

Buddhist Temples are called

Answer 67

Miso

Question 68

BOROBUDOR TEMPLE

Answer 68

LARGEST BUDDHIST TEMPLE

Question 69

LONGXING TEMPLE

Answer 69

Dafo (big Buddha) Temple – huge bronze statue of Buddha

Question 70

_____ temple roofs are generally blue

Answer 70

Taoist

Question 71

**oldest and most extensive Taoist temple** in Chengdu area

Answer 71

QINGYANG PALACE

Question 72

_______, a word from **ancient Sanskrit** meaning a **square or round tomb or a soul shrine**

Answer 72

STUPA

Question 73

These dome-shaped graves or _____, of the saints were regarded as holy places

Answer 73

tumuli

Question 74

PAILOU/BAILOU/PAIFANG

Answer 74

Erected in memory of virtuous people

Question 75

**spacious and grandiose** with variety of plants, symbolic trees and smaller gardens for specific purposes

Answer 75

IMPERIAL GARDENS

Question 76

built in **urban areas**, neighbored with residences generally small and simple due to expensive land

Answer 76

PRIVATE GARDENS

Question 77

found in **monasteries against quiet and Verdant Mountain,** with naturaly beauty and solemn within the sacred atmosphere

Answer 77

MONASTIC GARDENS

Question 78

**largest, best preserved** and most **interesting royal gardens** in the world

Answer 78

SUMMER PLACE

Question 79

It is a **series of stone and earthened fortifications** built by a number of emperors to protect the northern borders against nomadic tribes

Answer 79

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Question 80

**dynasty** Built by tamping earth between board frames

Answer 80

QIN DYNASTY

Question 81

**dynasty** Large brick and lime as new material

Answer 81

HAN DYNASTY

Question 82

**Bricks**

Answer 82

MING DYNASTY