Aerobic cellular respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the purpose of cellular respiration

A

to use energy stored as glucose to create ATP, cells require energy to survive

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2
Q

how does atp provide energy

A

energy stored in the bonds of glucpse needs to be transfered to ADP molecules so it can form ATP before it can be used by cells

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3
Q

what kind of reaction is cellular respiration

A

catabolic and exergonic, heat energy iis also realesed

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4
Q

how is glucose stored in plants

A

glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as starch (polysaccharide)

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5
Q

how is glucose stored in animals

A

glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as glycogen (polysaccaride)

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6
Q

before cellular respiration what occurs

A

the polysaccharides must be broken down into glucose by enzymes

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7
Q

ADP stands for

A

adenosine diphophate

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8
Q

How long does ATP stay as ATP

A

is a temporary molecule, so is believed to average 60 secs from its production until it realeases its energy for use by the cell

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9
Q

aerobic cellular respiration equation worded

A

glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxie + water + 30/32 ATP

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10
Q

structure of the mitochondria

A

small organelles found scattered around the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, has a smooth outer memebrane and highly folded inner memembrane (cristae) and the matrix, they contain their own dna in circular chromosomes (mrDNA)

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11
Q

cristae

A

the folds created by the inner membrane

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12
Q

matrix

A

the inner space of the inner membrane, it consists of protein rich fluid

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13
Q

mitochondria evidence of endosymbiotic theory

A

close to size of bacterium, replicattes via binary fission, is double memebrane bound

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14
Q

3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

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15
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

in the cytosol

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16
Q

what occurs in glycolsis

A

one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, energy is realesed which is used to produce 2ATP from 2ADP + Pi, 2 hydrogens are also removed from the glucose, they are loaded to NAD to form 2 NADH

17
Q

inputs glycolysis

A

glucose, 2NAD and 2ADP + Pi

18
Q

outputs glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2NADH

19
Q

krebs cycle is aka

A

citric acid cycle

20
Q

when does the krebs cycle occur

A

if oxygen is avaliable, however doesn’t use oxygen ad a reactant

21
Q

where does the krebs cycle occurq

A

in the matrix

22
Q

what occurs between the krebs cycle and glycolysis

A

the pyruvates that were produced in glycolysis are transported into the mitochondria, these pyruvates undergo a reaction involving coenzyme a to form acetyl coenzyme a (Acetyl coA), as this occurs CO2 is realesed, acetyl coA then enters the krebs cycle

23
Q

what occurs in the krebs cycle

A

the cycle uses H from the molecules in the krebs cycle to form NADH and FADH2, CO2 is realesed and the energy from breaking the bonds in the pyruvate and acetyl coA is used to bond adp + Pi to form 2 ATP

24
Q

inputs of the krebs cycle

A

2 pyruvate, NAD, FAD, 2 ADP + Pi

25
Q

outputs of the krebs cycle

A

6CO2, NADH, FADH2 and 2 ATP

26
Q

where does the electron transport chain occur

A

in the cristae

27
Q

what occurs in the electron transport chain

A

NADH and FADH2 are passed through the cristae through transmemebrane proteins, where the electrons from each hydrogen are removed, the electrons are then passed down a series of proteins in the cristae which realeses energy which is used to pump H+ ions outside the crystal memebrane, the H+ ions undergo facilitated diffusion back into the matrix through atp synthase which forms ATP, the H’s are accepted by oxygen, the hydrogen ions and the oxygen then join together to form H2O

28
Q

the proteins that carry the electrons during the electron transport chain are

A

cytochromes

29
Q

inputs of the electrin transport chain

A

6 oxygen, NADH, FADH2, 26 or 28 ADP + Pi

30
Q

outputs of the electron transport chain

A

6H2O, NAD, FAD, 26 or 28 ATP