Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 1

what is the purpose of cellular respiration

Answer 1

to use energy stored as glucose to create ATP, cells require energy to survive

Question 2

how does atp provide energy

Answer 2

energy stored in the bonds of glucpse needs to be transfered to ADP molecules so it can form ATP before it can be used by cells

Question 3

what kind of reaction is cellular respiration

Answer 3

catabolic and exergonic, heat energy iis also realesed

Question 4

how is glucose stored in plants

Answer 4

glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as starch (polysaccharide)

Question 5

how is glucose stored in animals

Answer 5

glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as glycogen (polysaccaride)

Question 6

before cellular respiration what occurs

Answer 6

the polysaccharides must be broken down into glucose by enzymes

Question 7

ADP stands for

Answer 7

adenosine diphophate

Question 8

How long does ATP stay as ATP

Answer 8

is a temporary molecule, so is believed to average 60 secs from its production until it realeases its energy for use by the cell

Question 9

aerobic cellular respiration equation worded

Answer 9

glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxie + water + 30/32 ATP

Question 10

structure of the mitochondria

Answer 10

small organelles found scattered around the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, has a smooth outer memebrane and highly folded inner memembrane (cristae) and the matrix, they contain their own dna in circular chromosomes (mrDNA)

Question 11

cristae

Answer 11

the folds created by the inner membrane

Question 12

matrix

Answer 12

the inner space of the inner membrane, it consists of protein rich fluid

Question 13

mitochondria evidence of endosymbiotic theory

Answer 13

close to size of bacterium, replicattes via binary fission, is double memebrane bound

Question 14

3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 14

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Question 15

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 15

in the cytosol

Question 16

what occurs in glycolsis

Answer 16

one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, energy is realesed which is used to produce 2ATP from 2ADP + Pi, 2 hydrogens are also removed from the glucose, they are loaded to NAD to form 2 NADH

Question 17

inputs glycolysis

Answer 17

glucose, 2NAD and 2ADP + Pi

Question 18

outputs glycolysis

Answer 18

2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2NADH

Question 19

krebs cycle is aka

Answer 19

citric acid cycle

Question 20

when does the krebs cycle occur

Answer 20

if oxygen is avaliable, however doesn’t use oxygen ad a reactant

Question 21

where does the krebs cycle occurq

Answer 21

in the matrix

Question 22

what occurs between the krebs cycle and glycolysis

Answer 22

the pyruvates that were produced in glycolysis are transported into the mitochondria, these pyruvates undergo a reaction involving coenzyme a to form acetyl coenzyme a (Acetyl coA), as this occurs CO2 is realesed, acetyl coA then enters the krebs cycle

Question 23

what occurs in the krebs cycle

Answer 23

the cycle uses H from the molecules in the krebs cycle to form NADH and FADH2, CO2 is realesed and the energy from breaking the bonds in the pyruvate and acetyl coA is used to bond adp + Pi to form 2 ATP

Question 24

inputs of the krebs cycle

Answer 24

2 pyruvate, NAD, FAD, 2 ADP + Pi

Question 25

outputs of the krebs cycle

Answer 25

6CO2, NADH, FADH2 and 2 ATP

Question 26

where does the electron transport chain occur

Answer 26

in the cristae

Question 27

what occurs in the electron transport chain

Answer 27

NADH and FADH2 are passed through the cristae through transmemebrane proteins, where the electrons from each hydrogen are removed, the electrons are then passed down a series of proteins in the cristae which realeses energy which is used to pump H+ ions outside the crystal memebrane, the H+ ions undergo facilitated diffusion back into the matrix through atp synthase which forms ATP, the H’s are accepted by oxygen, the hydrogen ions and the oxygen then join together to form H2O

Question 28

the proteins that carry the electrons during the electron transport chain are

Answer 28

cytochromes

Question 29

inputs of the electrin transport chain

Answer 29

6 oxygen, NADH, FADH2, 26 or 28 ADP + Pi

Question 30

outputs of the electron transport chain

Answer 30

6H2O, NAD, FAD, 26 or 28 ATP