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Cognitive Psychology > perception > Flashcards

perception Flashcards

1
Q

experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses.

A

perception

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2
Q

conscious outcome of sense organs and projection regions.

A

sensation

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3
Q

mental representation of a stimulus that is perceived.

A

percept

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4
Q

the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input.

A

bottom-up processing

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5
Q

we interpret sensations influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts.

A

top-down processing

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6
Q

often don’t perceive stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time.

A

sensory adaptation

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7
Q

can also affect perception

A

motivation

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8
Q

ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background.

A

signal detection theory

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9
Q

what are the 4 bottom up theories?

A

direct perception, template theories, feature theories, and recognition-by-components theory

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10
Q

information in our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything.

A

direct perception

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11
Q

suggests that we have stored in our mind’s myriad sets of templates.

A

template theories

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12
Q

Oliver Selfridge’s Pandemonium Model

A

feature matching/theories

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13
Q

The 4 kinds of demons in Selfridge’s Pandemonium Model

A

image demons, feature demons, cognitive demons, and decision demons

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14
Q

Who proposed the RBC Theory in 1987?

A

Irving Biederman

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15
Q

we quickly recognize objects by observing the edges of them and then decomposing the objects into geons.

A

recognition-by-components theory

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16
Q

can be recomposed into alternative arrangements.

A

geons

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17
Q

the 3 stages of visual processing

A

reception, transduction, and coding

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18
Q

absorption of physical energy by receptors

A

reception

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19
Q

translation of physical energy into electrochemical activity

A

transduction

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20
Q

relationship between aspects of the physical stimulus and resultant nervous system activity.

A

coding

21
Q

curved and transparent structure that serves to provide additional focus.

A

lens

22
Q

the light sensitive lining of the eye

A

retina

23
Q

provide tremendous spatial resolution, directly involved in our ability to perceive color.

A

cones

24
Q

specialized photoreceptors that work well in low light.

A

rods

25
Q

the transparent covering over the eye.

A

cornea

26
Q

visible spectrum in humans is associated with wavelengths that range from what?

A

380 to 740 nm

27
Q

perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes.

A

perceptual constancy

28
Q

an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus.

A

size constancy

29
Q

an object maintains the same shape despite changes in the shape of the proximal stimulus.

A

shape constancy

30
Q

distance from a surface, usually using your own body as a reference surface when speaking in terms of depth perception.

A

depth

31
Q

contradictory depth information in different sections of the picture.

A

impossible configurations

32
Q

represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye.

A

Monocular Depth

33
Q

the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes.

A

Binocular Depth

34
Q

the eye combines two images being viewed by individual eyes.

A

Stereoscopic Vision

35
Q

may depend upon more than just the distance or depth at which an object is located relative to oneself.

A

Depth perception

36
Q

Figure is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while the ground is the background.

A

Figure-ground relationship

37
Q

A Gestalt principle for organizing sensory stimuli into meaningful perception.

A

Proximity

38
Q

to group things in our visual fields.

A

Similarity

39
Q

to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines.

A

continuity

40
Q

we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts.

A

principle of closure

41
Q

have trouble to perceive sensory information.

A

Agnosia

42
Q

unable to pay attention to more than one object at a time.

A

Simultagnosia

43
Q

Also known as “face-blindness”.

A

Prosopagnosia

44
Q

no color vision at all.

A

Rod monochromacy/achromacy

45
Q

two of the mechanisms for color perception work, and one is malfunctioning.

A

Dichromacy

46
Q

trouble seeing greens

A

deuteranopia

47
Q

blues and greens can be confused, but yellows also can seem to disappear or to appear as light shades of reds

A

tritanopia

48
Q

This anomaly in color perception are much more common in men than in women, and they are genetically linked.

A

Color perception deficit

Cognitive Psychology (7 decks)

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