learning, memory, and forgetting

Question 1

The ability to recall information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

ability to recall perceived objects within seconds after stimulus has been removed.

Answer 2

Immediate memory (sensory memory)

Question 3

remembering events experienced in the past few days, information is limited.

Answer 3

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Question 4

Recalls the events in the distant past, stores information indefinitely, and its capacity is limitless.

Answer 4

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Question 5

what is Atkinson and Shiffrin’s theory called?

Answer 5

Two – process theory

Question 6

the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Answer 6

Sensory Memory

Question 7

In the sensory memory, how brief is all the information being held?

Answer 7

1/2 to 4 seconds

Question 8

what are the 2 types of sensory memories?

Answer 8

iconic memory and echoic memory

Question 9

sensory memory of a visual stimuli, memory only lasts for a few tenths of a second.

Answer 9

Iconic Memory

Question 10

sensory memory for auditory stimuli, memories can usually last up to 3 or 4 seconds.

Answer 10

Echoic Memory

Question 11

STM has a limited capacity and duration that lasts how many seconds?

Answer 11

7 +/- 2

Question 12

Getting Information Out

Answer 12

Retrieval

Question 13

measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.

Answer 13

Recall

Question 14

measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned.

Answer 14

Recognition

Question 15

activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory.

Answer 15

Priming

Question 16

to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in.

Answer 16

Context Effects Memory Retrieval

Question 17

retention of things without conscious recollection, a skill memory.

Answer 17

Implicit Memory (Procedural Memory)

Question 18

a type of long-term memory that’s concerned with recollection of facts and events.

Answer 18

Explicit Memory

Question 19

Information never enters the memory system

Answer 19

Forgetting As Encoding Failure

Question 20

we cannot attend to everything in our environment

Answer 20

Attention is selective

Question 21

Over time we just forget things

Answer 21

Storage Decay

Question 22

failure to retrieve information from long-term memory

Answer 22

Retrieval Failure

Question 23

Forgetting takes place simply through the passage of time.

Answer 23

Decay through disuse

Question 24

if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed the memory trace will fade or decay over time.

Answer 24

decay theory

Question 25

he first coined the term “decay theory” in his book The Psychology of Learning in 1914

Answer 25

Edward Thorndike

Question 26

Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other information

Answer 26

Forgetting As Interference

Question 27

disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information

Answer 27

Proactive(forward acting) Interference

Question 28

disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information

Answer 28

Retroactive (backwards acting) Interference

Question 29

storage loss or the loss of memory

Answer 29

Amnesia

Question 30

Amnesiac patients typically have losses in what?

Answer 30

explicit memory

Question 31

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Answer 31

Explicit Memory (declarative memory)

Question 32

what are the two main forms of amnesia?

Answer 32

Retrograde amnesia and Anterograde amnesia

Question 33

when you can’t recall memories from your past.

Answer 33

Retrograde amnesia

Question 34

when you can’t form new memories but can still remember things from before.

Answer 34

Anterograde amnesia

Question 35

what are the 7 sins of memory?

Answer 35

Absent Mindedness, Transience, Blocking, Misattribution, Suggestibility, Bias, and Persistence

Question 36

inattention to details produces encoding failure

Answer 36

Absent Mindedness

Question 37

unused information fades

Answer 37

Transience

Question 38

unable to access stored info, tip of your tongue

Answer 38

Blocking

Question 39

confusing the source of the information.

Answer 39

Misattribution

Question 40

the lingering effects of misinformation.

Answer 40

Suggestibility

Question 41

beliefs or colored recollections

Answer 41

Bias

Question 42

unwanted memories won’t go away

Answer 42

Persistence