Respiritory system

Question 1

what is tidal volume?

Answer 1

tidal volume is the amount of air briefed in with each normal breath

Question 2

what is the average amount of air a human breathes in?

Answer 2

500 mL

Question 3

What is the inspiratory reserved volume?

Answer 3

The inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of additional air that can be taken into the lungs after a normal breath

Question 4

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 4

The expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal breath

Question 5

what is the residual volume?

Answer 5

Residual volume is the amount of air left in the lungs or maximum out of breath. This air helps to keep the lungs, partially inflated and protect them.

Question 6

How does inspiration work?

Answer 6

The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards. The intercostal muscles contract and move upwards and outwards. This increases the size of the chest and decreases air pressure sucking the air into the lungs.

Question 7

how do muscles work to assist inspiration when exercise occurs?

Answer 7

When exercise occurs, inspiration can be assisted by the pectoral muscles and sternocleidomastoid, which helps lift the ribs even further out

Question 8

how does expiration work?

Answer 8

The diaphragm relaxes move backs to its domed shape. The intercostal muscles relax, so the ribs move inward and downward under their own weight. This decreases the size of the chest and increases the air pressure in the chest so air is forced out of the lungs.

Question 9

how is expiration assisted during exercise by muscles?

Answer 9

During exercises, the abdominal muscles contract and push the diaphragm even further upwards to increase air pressure outside of the lungs sucking the air out of the lungs

Question 10

what happens when we breathe in?

Answer 10

. Our lungs inflate
. the intercostal muscles contract and move our ribs, outwards and upwards
. The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.

Question 11

What happens when we breathe out?

Answer 11

. Our lungs deflate.
. The intercostal muscles relax and move our ribs downwards and inwards.
. the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal dome position

Question 12

Define haemoglobin

Answer 12

The protein found in red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 13

define Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 13

A chemical formed when haemoglobin bonds to oxygen

Question 14

define gaseous exchange

Answer 14

The process where oxygen from air and the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli

Question 15

define diffusion

Answer 15

The movement of a substance from a high particle pressure to a low particle pressure

Question 16

what are the characteristics of the alveoli?

Answer 16

. thin cell walls – short diffusion pathway.
. Moist in a surface – gas can dissolve and diffuse quicker
. Rich blood supply – more gas exchange.

Question 17

describe the pathway of air

Answer 17

Enters the body through the mouth and nose and passes through the pharynx and then through the larynx and then the trachea. The trachea then branches off into the lungs into the Bronchus. The Bronchus then divides into many small branches called the bronchioles. The air then travels into the alveoli where gaseous exchange occurs.

Question 18

define anaerobic respiration

Answer 18

The process of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 19

define aerobic respiration

Answer 19

The process of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen

Question 20

what does EPOC stand for?

Answer 20

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 21

what is EPOC

Answer 21

The amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise is characterised by deep breathing and increased inspiration rate

Question 22

Define lactic acid

Answer 22

A mild poison and waste product of anaerobic respiration

Question 23

what are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 24

what are the waste products of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 24

Lactic acid