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AP Tignor 1 > Question 6 Midterm > Flashcards

Question 6 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the fundamental types of connective tissues

A
  1. Loose
  2. Dense
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
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2
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

1.Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Reticular

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3
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A
  1. Support and bind other tissue types
  2. Hold body fluids
  3. Most widely distributed type of connective tissue
  4. Has a lot of hyaluronic acid
  5. Helps provide nourishment
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4
Q

Example of areolar connective tissue

A

1.Connective tissue that most epithelium rest on

2.Adipocytes often accumulate in this tissue

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5
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Commonly referred to as fat
House adipocytes
Brown fat and white fat

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6
Q

Function of adipose tissue

A
  1. Provide cushioning
  2. Heat
  3. Fuel storage
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7
Q

Brown fat

A

1.High in mitochondria
2.Makes heat using lipid fuels
3. Babies use it to generate body heat since they cannot shiver

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8
Q

Locations of brown fat

A
  1. Around spine,
    Collarbones, neck, abdomen
  2. Babies
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9
Q

White fat

A

Energy storage,
Protection,
Insulation

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10
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

1.Fine collagen fibers
2.Make a network(soft skeleton)
3. Support WBC, Macrophages, Mast cells
4. Has gel-like ground substance

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11
Q

WBC

A

Provide immune response when pathogens are detected

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12
Q

Mast cells

A

cluster along blood vessels. detect microorganisms, initiate local inflammatory response

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13
Q

Macrophages

A

Large immune cell. Devours foreign/harmful materials

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14
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

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15
Q

Example of where to find reticular loose connective tissue

A

3.Supports the lymphoid organs like the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

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16
Q

Where to find white fat?

A

Beneath skin in subcutaneous tissue,
Abdomen,

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17
Q

Types of dense connective tissues

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

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18
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Tensile strength in one direction
Parallel collagen fibers

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19
Q

Example of dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

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20
Q

Tendons

A

Attach Muscle to bone

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21
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Flat, sheet like tendons that attach muscles to bone, or attach muscles to muscles

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22
Q

Cartilage resists which two things?

A

Tension and compression

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23
Q

How does cartilage receive nutrients

A

Diffusion from blood vessels in connective tissue layer

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24
Q

What percentage of cartilage is water

A

80%

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25
Q

Properties of connective tissue

A

1.EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

  1. COMMON ORIGIN (MESENCHYME)
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26
Q

Ligaments

A

Bind bones to bones at joints

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27
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue function

A

1.Resist tensile strength from many directions
2. Irregularly arranged collagen fibers (made by fibroblasts)

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28
Q

Location of dense irregular connective tissue

A
  1. Dermis of skin,
  2. Submucosa of digestive tract
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29
Q

Dense elastic connective tissue

A

High proportion of elastic fibers
Allows for tissue recoil after stretching

30
Q

Where to find dense elastic connective tissue

A
  1. Walls of arteries
  2. Walls of bronchial tubules
  3. Ligaments associated with vertebral column
31
Q

Types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Elastic cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
32
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

1.Imperceptible network made by chondroblasts
2.Most abundant cartilage in body
3. Lots of collagen fibers
4. Glassy appearance

33
Q

Location of hyaline cartilage

A
  1. Fetal skeleton
  2. Epiphyseal plates
  3. Coastal regions of ribs
34
Q

What happens to cartilage during old age?

A

Loses ability to divide,
Injured cartilage heals slowly,
Old cartilage can ossify

35
Q

Is adipose tissue highly vascularized?

A

Yes

36
Q

How much of the body is adipose tissue in the average person

A

18%

37
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

1.Matrix similar but less firm than in hyaline cartilage.
2. Thick collagen fibers predominate.

38
Q

Function of fibrocartilage

A

Tensile strength lets it absorb compressive shock

39
Q

Location of fibrocartilage

A

Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
Disc at knee joints

40
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

1.Similar to hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix

2.More flexible than hyaline cartilage

41
Q

Elastic cartilage locations

A

Supports pinna and epiglottis

42
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that closes over windpipe to prevent food from entering the airway

43
Q

Bone

A

1.Hard calcified matrix
2.Contains lots of collagen fibers
3.Very well vascularized
4. Made of osteocytes that lie in lacunae

44
Q

Bone location

A

Skeleton, that provides levers for movement

45
Q

Blood

A

Fluid connective tissue: has RBCs, WBCs, Plasma

46
Q

RBCs

A

Help transport O2
Aka as erythrocytes,
Concave shape

47
Q

WBCs

A

Leukocytes
Immune protection,
Help protect sites of damage

48
Q

Plasma

A

Suspends the formed elements of blood,
Liquid
Allows for movement

49
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets used for clotting

50
Q

Similarities and differences between epithelial tissues and connective tissues

A
  1. Both are various cells working together to perform a common function
  2. Epithelial tissues are avascular whereas connective tissue have different vascularization. Hyaline cartilage is avascular but areolar connective tissue is highly vascular
  3. Epithelial tissues and connective tissues have different functions. Epithelium cover, line, protect and make glands.
    Connective tissue nourishes, binds, supports, stores energy and helps transport substances
51
Q

Intercellular junctions types

A

Tight junctions (prevent leakage, impermeable)
Anchoring junctions (resist shear stress, not impermeable)
Gap junctions ( communicating junctions in adjacent cells, lets cytoplasms interact, tunnel)

52
Q

Tissue types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

53
Q

Types of epithelial tissue

A

Covering and lining
Glandular epithelium

54
Q

Types of muscle

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
55
Q

Types of nervous tissue

A

Neurons (communication cell in nervous system with axon, dendrites, body and synaptic knobs)
Neuroglia (support cells)

56
Q

Basement membrane

A

Boundary between epithelium and connective tissue

Has reticular lamina and basal lamina

57
Q

Simple

A

One layer

58
Q

Stratified

A

More than one layer

59
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Appearance of layers

60
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Fine collagen fibers make fine network

61
Q

Collagen

A

Stronger than steel

Made by cross-linked fibrils wound together

62
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Made by elastin protein
Gives rubbery and resilient quality to matrix

63
Q

Lacunae

A

Small space, cavity or depression, hold bone cells or cartilage cells

64
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells, occupy lacunae, maintains matrix

65
Q

Stem cells that make bone

A

Osteoprogenitor cell

66
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature cells that make bony matrix,
Responsible for bone growth

67
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large cells that resorb bony matrix, break down bony matrix

68
Q

Osteon

A

Structural unit of compact bone. Makes parallel cylinder to long axis of bone. Contains blood vessels and nerves in the middle

69
Q

Adenoma

A

Neoplasm of glandular epithelium

70
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer in an epithelium

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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