Brain and Nervous System Flashcards
Central nervous system interacts with the rest of the body via the _.
peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System
The brain develops from three bulges: _, _, _.
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Three Bulges of the Brain
_ is the forebrain.
Prosencephalon
Three Bulges of the Brain
_ is the midbrain.
Mesencephalon
Three Bulges of the Brain
_ is hindbrain.
Rhombencephalon
Central Nervous System
All neurons connect to and interact with
_.
other neurons
- The function of the neuron within the nervous system depends on theconnections to that neuron.
- The functions and structure of the brain have been shaped by evolution.
Getting Oriented in the Brain
There are specialized terms for directions within the nervous system:
Rostral – Caudal: Nose – tail axis
Dorsal – Ventral: Back – belly axis
Anterior – Posterior: Front – back axis
Superior – Inferior: Top – bottom axis
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the nose-tail axis.
Rostral-caudal
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the back-belly axis.
Dorsal-Ventral
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the front-back axis.
Anterior-Posterior
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is top-bottom axis.
Superior-Interior
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the direction towards the middle.
Medial
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ the direction towards the side.
Lateral
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the direction on the same side.
Ipsilateral
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the direction on the opposite side.
Contralateral
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the direction far end of the limb.
Distal
Getting Oriented in the Brain
_ is the direction nearest point of the limb, where it attaches to the body.
Proximal
Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes
_ is a horizontal slice, parallel to the floor when standing up, from the front to the back of the brain.
Axial
Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes
_ is a vertical slice through the brain, separating the left side from the right side.
Saggital
Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes
_ is a vertical slice, separating the front from the back of the brain.
Frontal (Coronal)
_ is a separate systems for the inner and outer environments; is a nervous system with segmental organization.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
_ collect information from outside and inside the body.
Sensory neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
_ carry singals to the muscles to enable movement.
Motor neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
_ are specialized chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells.
Neurotransmitters
Peripheral Nervous System
_ deals with external world, where sensory and motor neurons carry information about voluntary movement and conscious awareness.
Somatic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
_ deals with internal world where sensory and motor neurons guide automatic processes.
Autonomic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
_ gets the body ready to react to threats and increases heart and respiration rates and increases blood pressure.
Sympathetic Branch
Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
_ calms the body and slows heart and respiration rate and increased digestion.
Parasympathetic Branch