Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psychology > Brain and Nervous System > Flashcards

Brain and Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system interacts with the rest of the body via the _.

A

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central Nervous System

The brain develops from three bulges: _, _, _.

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Three Bulges of the Brain

_ is the forebrain.

A

Prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three Bulges of the Brain

_ is the midbrain.

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three Bulges of the Brain

_ is hindbrain.

A

Rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central Nervous System

All neurons connect to and interact with
_.

A

other neurons

  • The function of the neuron within the nervous system depends on theconnections to that neuron.
  • The functions and structure of the brain have been shaped by evolution.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

There are specialized terms for directions within the nervous system:

A

Rostral – Caudal: Nose – tail axis
Dorsal – Ventral: Back – belly axis
Anterior – Posterior: Front – back axis
Superior – Inferior: Top – bottom axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the nose-tail axis.

A

Rostral-caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the back-belly axis.

A

Dorsal-Ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the front-back axis.

A

Anterior-Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is top-bottom axis.

A

Superior-Interior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the direction towards the middle.

A

Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ the direction towards the side.

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the direction on the same side.

A

Ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the direction on the opposite side.

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the direction far end of the limb.

A

Distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain

_ is the direction nearest point of the limb, where it attaches to the body.

A

Proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes

_ is a horizontal slice, parallel to the floor when standing up, from the front to the back of the brain.

A

Axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes

_ is a vertical slice through the brain, separating the left side from the right side.

A

Saggital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Getting Oriented in the Brain: Common Planes

_ is a vertical slice, separating the front from the back of the brain.

A

Frontal (Coronal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_ is a separate systems for the inner and outer environments; is a nervous system with segmental organization.

A

The Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

_ collect information from outside and inside the body.

A

Sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

_ carry singals to the muscles to enable movement.

A

Motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

_ are specialized chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells.

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

_ deals with external world, where sensory and motor neurons carry information about voluntary movement and conscious awareness.

A

Somatic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

_ deals with internal world where sensory and motor neurons guide automatic processes.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

_ gets the body ready to react to threats and increases heart and respiration rates and increases blood pressure.

A

Sympathetic Branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

_ calms the body and slows heart and respiration rate and increased digestion.

A

Parasympathetic Branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nervous System: Segmental Organization

The spine is divided into four segments:

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumpar
Sacral

30
Q

Nervous System: Segmental Organization

Each peripheral nerve relates to a particular part of the body, known as a _.

A

dermatome

31
Q

Spinal Reflexes

The spinal cord is divided into _ and _.

A

Gray Matter
White Matter

32
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

The _ contains the cell bodies and dendrites of the neurons and is found near the center of the cord.

A

gray matter

33
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

The _ contains the electrically-insulated long distance connections between neurons.

A

white matter

34
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is divided into _, with sensory input occurring on the dorsal side and motor output occurring from the dorsal side.

A

laminae

35
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

The _ house the cell bodies for the peripheral sensory neurons.

A

dorsal root ganglia

36
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

In a _, a sensory neuron connects with a motor neuron, allowing the sensory stimulation to trigger a movement.

A

reflex arc

37
Q

Spinal Reflexes: Spinal Cord

The _ is where you extend your leg after the doctor taps your knee with a hammer.

A

knee-jerk reflect

38
Q

Spinal Reflexes

Reflexes can have one or more connections or _ between the sensation and the motor response.

A

synapses

39
Q

Spinal Reflexes

_ are neurons that are between the sensory input and the motor output which can excitatory and inhibitory.

A

Interneurons

40
Q

Central Pattern Generators

An _ fires spontaneously, until becoming fatigued and stopped by an inhibitory interneuron.

A

excitatory neuron

41
Q

Spinal Reflexes

_ cross te midline to inhibit the central pattern generator on the contralaleral side, to allow for rhythmic muscle contractions.

A

Inhibitory interneurons

42
Q

The Brainstem

The hindbrain is formed by the _ and the _.

A

medulla oblongata
pons

43
Q

Hindbrain

The _ controls involuntary functions that are important for life, such as breathing and heart rate.

A

medulla

44
Q

Hindbrain

The _ relays information between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

A

pons

45
Q

Midbrain

The _ locates visual stimuli to help coordinate complex movements.

A

superior colliculus

46
Q

Midbrain

The _ locates auditory stimuli.

A

inferior colliculus

47
Q

Midbrain

_ influence activity of central pattern generators in brain stem and spinal cord.

A

Command generators

48
Q

Midbrain

_ influences complex behaviors such as defense, aggression, or reproduction.

A

Periaqueductal gray matter

49
Q

Midbrain

_ regulated consciousness.

A

Reticular formation

50
Q

The _ is circuitry of the “Little Brain”.

A

cerebellum

51
Q

The _ contains more neurons than does the cortex.

A

cerebellum

52
Q

The diencephalon contains the _ and the _.

A

hypothalamus
thalamus

53
Q

Hypothalamus

_ is the process of maintaining the body within a narrow range of physiological parameters such as temperature, thirst, hunger, etc.

A

Homeostasis

54
Q

Diencephalon

Nuclei within the _ regulate homeostatis by comparing the body’s state with set points.

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

Hypothalamus

If the body deviates from the set point, _ can happen via autonomic responses, endocrine responsesm or behavioral responses.

A

compensation

56
Q

Diencephalon

_ relays sensory signals to the brain and motor signals to the body.

A

Thalamus

57
Q

Thalamus

More than _ thalamic nuclei serve sensory, motor, motivation, and associational functions through reciprocal connections with the cortex.

A

50

58
Q

The telencephalon inclues _ and _.

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia

59
Q

Telencephalon

The _ is the thin outer covering of the brain this is necessary for human cognition; contains six layers of cells, known as gray matter, surrounding the inner white matter.

A

Cortex

60
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ is the rounded convolutions of the cortex.

A

Gyri

61
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ is the grooves between the gyri.

A

Sulci

62
Q

Cerebral Cortex

The lobes of the cerebral cortex are _, _, _, and _.

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe

63
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ is important for motor control and planning.

A

Frontal Lobe

64
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ is important for processing somasensory information.

A

Parietal Lobe

65
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ processes visual information.

A

Occipital Lobe

66
Q

Cerebral Cortex

_ processes auditory information.

A

Temporal Lobe

67
Q

Telencephalon

_ are the gray matter structures within the white matter of the cortex.

A

Basal ganglia

68
Q

Telencephalon

_ is important for initiating and maintaining activity in the corex, particularly in motor areas.

A

Basal Ganglia

69
Q

Telencephalon

_ is made up of the caudate and putament, known together as the striatum, and the globus pallidus.

A

Basal Ganglia

70
Q

_ combines sensory inputs from external and internal environments to help control the internal environment.

A

Limbic System

71
Q

_ and _ project to the limbic system.

A

Hypothalamus
Limbic Nuclei

72
Q

_ is important for emotional evaluation and learning.

A

Amygdala

Biological Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions