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Cat & Dog > Dentistry (1-4) > Flashcards

Dentistry (1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 criteria of a normal bite

A
  1. jaws symmetrical
  2. incisor scissor bite
  3. mandibular canine tooth bisects space between opposing maxillary third incisor tooth and canine tooth
  4. pinking shear of premolars
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2
Q

name the class of malocclusion

neutrocclusion;
individual teeth are in the incorrect position, but the jaw lengths are correct

A

class 1

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3
Q

name the class of malocclusion

mandibular distoclusion;
occurs when the lower jaw is shorter relative to the length of the he upper jaw

A

class 2

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4
Q

name the class of malocclusion

mandibular mesioclusion;
occurs when the lower jaw is too long relative to the upper jaw and the lower teeth protrude in front of corresponding upper teeth

A

class 3

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5
Q

name 5 equipment requirements for a dental procedure

A
  1. good light source
  2. periodontal probe and sharp explorer
  3. dental mirror
  4. mouth props
  5. dental radiography
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6
Q

what numbering system is used for the teeth

A

Triadan numbering system

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7
Q

name the dental formula for the adult dog

A

i3/3 c1/1 p4/4 m2/3

(42 permanent teeth)

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8
Q

name the dental formula for an adult cat

A

i3/3 c1/1 p3/2 m1/1

(30 total)

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9
Q

what animal is the triadan tooth numbering system based on?

A

pig
(11 teeth per quadrant)

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10
Q

the canine tooth is always this number when present in triadan tooth numbering

A

number 4

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11
Q

the first molar is always this number in triadan tooth numbering

A

number 9

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12
Q

name the calculus index score

no calculus

A

0

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13
Q

name the calculus index score

less than 25% cover

A

1

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14
Q

name the calculus index score

25-75% cover

A

2

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15
Q

name the calculus index score

75-100% cover

A

3

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16
Q

name the gingival (gingivitis) index score

normal

A

0

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17
Q

name the gingival (gingivitis) index score

marginal (red line)

A

1

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18
Q

name the gingival (gingivitis) index score

bleeds on gentle probing/swollen

A

2

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19
Q

name the gingival (gingivitis) index score

severe inflammation/spontaneous bleeding

A

3

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20
Q

what 5 things should each tooth be evaluated for when probing periodontal tissues

A
  1. gingival inflammation
  2. gingival enlargement or recession
  3. periodontal pocketing
  4. furcation exposure
  5. mobility
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21
Q

what is the normal gingival sulcus depth of a healthy dog tooth

A

0-3 mm

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22
Q

what is the normal gingival sulcus depth of a healthy cat tooth

A

<1mm

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23
Q

name the furcation stage

involvement exists when a periodontal probe extends less than half way under the crown in any direction of a multirooted tooth with attachment loss

A

Stage 1 (F1)

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24
Q

name the furcation stage

involvement exists when a periodontal probe extends greater than half way under the crown of a multirooted tooth with attachment loss but not through and through

A

stage 2 (F2)

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25
Q

name the furcation stage

when a periodontal probe extends under the crown of a multirooted tooth, through and through from one side of teh furcation out the other

A

stage 3 (F3)

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26
Q

name the tooth mobility stage

physiologic mobility up to 0.2mm;
unlikely this could be detected on clinical exam

A

stage 0 (M0)

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27
Q

name the tooth mobility stage

mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance of 0.2-0.5mm

A

stage 1 (M1)

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28
Q

name the tooth mobility stage

the mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance of 0.5-1.0mm

A

stage 2 (M2)

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29
Q

name the tooth mobility stage

the mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance exceeding 1.0mm OR any axial movement

A

stage 3 (M3)

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30
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a missing tooth

A

circled

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31
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a retained tooth root

A

RTR

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32
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for an extracted tooth

A

X

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33
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a mobile tooth

A

M(x)

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34
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a periodontal pocket

A

P(x)

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35
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a fractured tooth

A

T/FX (CCF/UCF)

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36
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for persistant deciduous

A

DT/P

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37
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for an enamel defect

A

ED

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38
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for gingival hyperplasia

A

GH

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39
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for caries

A

CA

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40
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a non-vital tooth

A

T/NV

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41
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a supernumary tooth

A

SN

42
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for an abrasion (tooth/object)

A

AB

43
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for an attrition (tooth/tooth)

A

AT

44
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for an oral mass

A

OM

45
Q

what is the mark on a dental sheet for a radiograph

A

RAD

46
Q

name the term

application of psychological and physiological principle during design of products, processes and systems;
goal: enhance safety and comfort and interaction, increase productivity and reduce human error

A

ergonomics

47
Q

what 4 PPE should be worn during dental procedures

A
  1. gloves
  2. mask
  3. goggles/eyeshield
  4. hair net
48
Q

why are metal gags NOT ideal for dental procedures

A

damage tooth enamel

49
Q

why are spring loaded gags NOT ideal for dental procedures

A

push TMJs beyond ROM

50
Q

how often should you relieve gag pressure during a dental procedure

A

every 5 mins

51
Q

name the dental instrument

blunt round ended instrument;
indentations/coloured bands for measurements;
used for gingivitis score and measurements of periodontal disease

A

periodontal probes

52
Q

name the dental instrument

sharp pointed tip;
for use on tooth surface only;
find defects, caries, and tooth fractures

A

dental explorer

53
Q

name the dental instrument

for use on crown of tooth only;
keep away from gingiva;
sharp working edges;
cleaning developmental grooves and fissures and interdental spaces

A

supragingival scaler

54
Q

name the dental instrument

used under the gumline i.e. in perio pockets;
curved rounded back

A

subgingival curettes

55
Q

name the dental instrument

very sharp - for separating periosteum;
types: iris, goldman, fox, La Grange

A

surgical scissors

56
Q

name the dental instrument

scissors for blunt dissection

A

Metzenbaum

57
Q

name the dental instrument

friction grip (FG);
Tungsten Carbide or Stainless Steel;
cross cut taper fissure or round

A

dental highspeed burs

58
Q

name the dental instrument

friction grip (FG);
various sizes and shapes;
round and rugby ball shaped;
used for alveoloplasty and odontoplasty

A

diamond burs

59
Q

name the dental instrument

thick blade;
used like a shoehorn;
mostly kept above bone crest

A

elevator

60
Q

name the dental instrument

thin sharp blades to insert into PL space;
must be sharp & well maintained

A

luxator

61
Q

this is considered the most common infectious disease of adult dogs

A

periodontal disease

62
Q

name the disease

inflammation of the gingiva;
is reversible

A

gingivitis

63
Q

name the disease

inflammation of gingiva; loss of bone and periodontal attachment;
is permanent

A

periodontitis

64
Q

name the periodontitis stage

clean, white teeth;
no marginal gingivitis (red line);
firm, pink gingiva;
no sign of recession;
normal periodontium

A

stage 0 (PD0)

65
Q

name the periodontitis stage

inflammation of gingiva only without loss of attachment;
reversible;
plaque will likely be present;
gingivitis

A

stage 1 (PD1)

66
Q

name the periodontitis stage

less than 25% attachment loss;
at most: stage 1 furcation exposure;
measured by probing clinical attachment level and determined radiographically;
early periodontitis

A

stage 2 (PD2)

67
Q

name the periodontitis stage

25-50% of attachment loss relative to the root length;
stage 2 furcation involvment in multirooted teeth;
moderate periodontitis

A

stage 3 (PD3)

68
Q

name the periodontitis stage

more than 50% attachment loss;
stage 3 furcation in multi-rooted tooth;
tooth loss extremely likely;
advanced periodontitis

A

stage 4 (PD4)

69
Q

this is biofilm on the teeth, removable with a toothbrush

A

plaque

70
Q

this is mineralised plaque on the teeth

A

calculus

71
Q

name the 4 steps of pocket formation

(dental)

A
  1. plaque (& calculus) = gingivitis
  2. gingiva & Junctional Epitheliul inflame and swell
  3. sulcus deepens/anaerobes thrive
  4. JE breaks down, bacteria now in contact with bone/PL/cementum
72
Q

name 5 risk factors for periodontitis (PD)

A
  1. small size (<10kg)
  2. crowded teeth
  3. malocclusions
  4. brachycephalic head shape
  5. increasing age
73
Q

what will gradual wear (local insult) of the teeth result in production of?
can be reactionary or reparative

A

tertiary dentine

74
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

cracks in the enamel;
normal crazing on the tooth (hairline cracks)

A

enamel infraction

75
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

minor fractures of enamel;
usually traumatic; rough surface

A

enamel fracture (EF)

76
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

enamel and dentine fractured but NO pulp exposure;
can be a rough surface;
ex: slab fracture

A

uncompicated crown fracture (UCF)

77
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

enamel and dentine fractured WITH pulp exposure;
infection can infiltrate the nerve; tooth will no longer be viable;
Tx: extraction or referral for endodontic procedure (root canal)

A

complicated crown fracture (CCF)

78
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

fractured tooth with direct pulp exposure;
involves crown and root

A

complicated crown root fracture (CCRF)

79
Q

name the classification of tooth fracture

some mobility found on clinical exam but normal dentine/periodontal tissues;
Tx: extraction

A

rooth fracture (RF)

80
Q

name the dental condition

internal discolouration (not staining) due to pulp bleeding into dentine wall;
pink/purple in early stages, then grey;
usually bc pulp has subluxated

A

non vital teeth (NV)

(discolouration)

81
Q
A
82
Q

name the dental condition

bacterial decay of the tooth structure brought about by the release of acids from oral bacteria fermenting carbohydrates on the tooth surface;
low incidence in canine population;
dogs fed high carbohydrate diet;
molar teeth most commonly affected;
restorations possible if early identification

A

dental caries

83
Q

name the dental condition

exact aetiology unknown;
hyperimmune response to plaque in mouth;
freq. dental Tx and cleaning at home needed;
very painful - multimodal analgesia often needed

A

canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis

84
Q

name the dental condition

ranges from persistent gingivitis to severe inflammation of oral cavity;
full mouth extractions necessary in some cases;
around 30% of cases do NOT respond

A

feline chronic gingivostomatitis

85
Q

name the dental condition

typically presents during eruption of permanent dentition or soon after;
can rapidly progress to periodontitis;
can respond to professional cleanings and oral hygeine but may progress to FCGS

A

feline juvenile stomatitis

86
Q

name the dental condition

resorption of the dental hard tissues

A

tooth resorption (TR)

87
Q

name the dental condition

resorption originating in the pulp cavity

A

internal resorption (RR)

88
Q

what is the maximum dose of Mepivicaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in dogs

A

5 mg/kg

89
Q

what is the maximum dose of Mepivicaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats

A

2.5 mg/kg

90
Q

what is the maximum dose of Bupivacaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in dogs

A

2 mg/kg

91
Q

what is the maximum dose of Bupivacaine for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats

A

1.5 mg/kg

92
Q

what is the maximum site volume for maxillofacial nerve blocks in large dogs

A

2 mL

93
Q

what is the maximum site volume for maxillofacial nerve blocks in cats/small dogs

A

0.25 mL

94
Q

name the dental nerve block

aim for area immediately caudal to last molar;
pop needle just through mucosa & no more

A

maxillary block

95
Q

name the dental nerve block

foramen entry - extreme care;
point needle to floor of canal;
avoid in cats!

A

maxilla-infra-orbital block

96
Q

name the type of tooth extraction (exodontics)

suitable for single rooted or severely mobile teeth;
no incision required (except gingival sulcus incision);
suture closed using simple interrupted pattern

A

simple/closed extractions

97
Q

name the type of tooth extraction (exodontics)

requires gingival incision and bone removal;
sectioning in multirooted teeth;
open technique: create mucogingival flap

A

surgical extractions

98
Q

name 3 mucoginigval flap types for tooth extractions

A
  1. envelope flap
  2. mucogingival triangular flap
  3. mucogingival pedicle flap
99
Q

name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction

sulcus incision only;
usually target tooth & one either side

A

envelope flap

100
Q

name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction

one verticle release

A

mucogingival triangular flap

101
Q

name the mucogingival flap type for tooth extraction

two verticle releases

A

mucogingival pedicle flap

102
Q

name 5 tooth extraction complications

A
  1. fractured roots
  2. haemorrhage
  3. dehiscence
  4. iatrogenic jaw fracture
  5. enamel defects

Cat & Dog (19 decks)

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