Lab 5

Question 1

What does the kidney do?

Answer 1

Maintain homeostasis - regulate acid-base balance, electrolyte conc., extracellular fluid volume, regulation of blood pressure

Question 2

What occurs in nephrons?

Answer 2

Filtration, reabsorption, & secretion

Question 3

Proteinuria

Answer 3

Large not usually in urine - increase permeability of glomerulus - renal infection, DM, jaundice, hyperthyroidism

Question 4

Glucosuria

Answer 4

Easily filtered but resorbed by renal tubules via mediated transport systems - increase glucose conc = renal threshold met

Question 5

Ketonuria

Answer 5

CHO deprivation (starvation/ high protein diet) - metabolised fat for energy - intermediate product of acid metabolism

Question 6

Bilirubin in urine

Answer 6

Phagocytic cells of spleen & bone marrow - breakdown haem in senescent haemoglobin & bilirubin - conjugate with glucuronic acid - urobilin - jaundice, liver disease, bile duct obstruction

Question 7

What sediment is in urine

Answer 7

Epithelial cells, crystals( increase in kidney stones & gout), bacteria (UTI), casts(masses of material harden in the shape of a tubule), RBC (UTI & menstruation)

Question 8

Dipstick

Answer 8

Pathological change in patients urine - Bayer multistix

Question 9

What is the liquid part of the centrifuged urine called?

Answer 9

Supernatant

Question 10

When should urine samples be taken?

Answer 10

Midstream