minerals (E3)

Question 1

calcium functions (2)

Answer 1

• **combines with phosphorus and collagen and forms a structural matrix
• *serves as a bank for blood calcium needs
• nerve transmission
• blood clotting
• muscle contraction
• blood pressure

Question 2

calcium deficiency (3)

Answer 2

the body controls blood levels tightly

osteoporosis and osteopenia as a reslt

Question 3

calcium toxicity (5)

Answer 3

abnormal heart rhythms

soft tissue calcification

kidney stones

interference with the absorption of other minerals

constipation

Question 4

calcium food sources (3)

Answer 4

dairy products

greens

fortified juices

Question 5

magnesium functions (3)

Answer 5

assisits>300 enzymes

involved in muscle contraction

bone building

Question 6

magnesium food sources (7)

Answer 6

nuts
legumes
whole grains
dark green veggies
seafood
chocolate
hard water

Question 7

sodium function (4)

Answer 7

**fluid balance

muscle contraction

nerve transmission

nutrient absoprtion

Question 8

sodium toxicity (6)

Answer 8

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

kidney damage

stomach cancer

fluid retention

dehydration

cardiovascular disease

Question 9

sodium food sources

Answer 9

highly processed foods

Question 10

potassium functions (3)

Answer 10

fluid and electrolyte balance

maintain heartbeat

help lower blood pressure by lessening tension in blood vessels

Question 11

potassium food sources

Answer 11

all whole food minimally processed

Question 12

iodine functions

Answer 12

synthesis of thyroid hormone regulates basal metabolism

Question 13

iodine deficiency (2)

Answer 13

goiter: sluggish, cells enlarge

congenital hypothyroidism/cretinism: severely low IQ, not enough iodine in pregnancy mental retardation

Question 14

iodine food sources (4)

Answer 14

seafood
baked goods
milk
iodized salt

Question 15

zinc functions (4)

Answer 15

DNA synthesis

metabolism

regulation gene expression

works w nearly 100 enzymes

Question 16

zinc deficiency (5)

Answer 16

poor growth

delayed reproductive maturation

decreased immunity

poor wound healing

diminished taste

Question 17

zinc food sources

Answer 17

protein containing foods (animals specifically)

Question 18

fluoride (2)

Answer 18

strengthens enamel

helps protect teeth from acid

Question 19

fluoride toxicity

Answer 19

mottling of teeth

Question 20

selenium functions (2)

Answer 20

part of the antioxidant enzyme system

spares vitamin E

Question 21

iron functions

Answer 21

carrier of oxygen in hemoglobin (blood) and myoglobin (muscles)

***hemoglobin carriers oxygen to places that need it and transports carbon dioxide

Question 22

iron deficiency (2)

Answer 22

small and pale RBCs

anemia: lack of energy decreased cognitive ability, fatigue, decreased performance ability

Question 23

iron toxicity

Answer 23

iron overload: liver damage where iron is stored, fatal, increased infections occur because bacteria use iron

Question 24

iron food sources

Answer 24

plants and meats, fish and poultry

Question 25

factors that impact the absorption of iron

Answer 25

• “Heme” iron (found in meat) is more easily absorbed than that in grains
• calcium, tannins, fiber, and phytates block iron absorption
• vitamin C and mfp (meat-iron) help iron absoprtion