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behavioral health exam 2 > lect 2 > Flashcards

lect 2 Flashcards

1
Q

tobacco stats:
deaths:

A

480,000 deaths

41k due to 2nd hand smoke

it isnt banned bc the taxes help fund the economy

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2
Q

tobacco use disorder physiologic effects are?

A

stimulates the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the brain

-HTN, tachy, vasoconstriction, inc. plt coag, decPaO2

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3
Q

tobacco use disorder prevention

A

-inc. price
-stop teen smoking
-penalties for sales to minor

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4
Q

tobacco use disorder tx:

the 5As to find who is willing to quit

A

-treat sx
-smoking cessation

-ask about tobacco at every visit
-advise pt to quit in strong, straightforward lang.
-assess pt willingness to quit in the next 30 days
-help pt if willing to quit
-arrange f/u

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5
Q

tobacco medication tx:

A

-nicotine replacement therapy (gum, patch, inhale), taper within time

-bupropion: blocks nicotine effect

-Varenicline: blocks effect of nocotine BUT cravings for alcohol occur

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6
Q

tobacco use higher in what populations:

A

-NA, white ppl, homos

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7
Q

cannabis use disorder:

what r its effects?

A

-tetrahydrocannibinol THC in weed

-euphoria, sedation, anxiolytic

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8
Q

cannibis use disorder effects when using?

A

chronic: lung dx, frequenct infxns

-no oral malignancies
-adolescents whp heavily use have hippocampal changes which is where it affects mood disorders

-linked to schizophrenia

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9
Q

what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

A

-frequent users have cyclic nausea and vomiting

-relieved by hot showers and bath

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10
Q

cannabis use disorder withdrawal:

TX:

A

cessation can cause mild sx 3-7 days:
-insomnia
-irritability
-depression
-nausea
-anorexia

TX:
rehab counseling, no meds to help

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11
Q

Stimulant Use Disorder:
cocaine

A

-alkaloid derived from coca plant that enhances NE/dopamine/ serotonin in CNS/PNS

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12
Q

ppl who use cocaine stats:

A

-pure cocaine is usually 45-60% pure and mixed w other subs.

-crack cocaine is a highly biologically active form that has worsened the incidence of coc.use disorder

-most coc users are recreational users
-25% will have a stimulant disorder

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13
Q

Stimulant Use Disorders : cocaine
-dopaminergic effects:

A

-hyperstimulation
-alertness
-euphoria
-sense of increase energy, feelings of power

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14
Q

Stimulant Use Disorders : cocaine
-sympathomimetic effects due to NE:

A

-tachy
-htn
-mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
-diaphoresis
-hyperthermia

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15
Q

Stimulant Use Disorders : cocaine
-significant vasoconstrictive

A

-AFFECT ANY ORGAN

-mi
-cerebral
-ischemia/hemorrhage
-renal ischemia

in pregnant women:
-inc. risk of placental abruption
-inc risk of spontaneous abortion

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16
Q

cocaine inhaled: crack causes what … to your body ?

A

-inc. risk of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum
-chest pain and dyspnea

17
Q

Physical signs of Cocaine use:

Toxicity:

A

-tachy
-htn
-mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
-diaphoresis
-hyperthermia

T: anxiety, panic, agitation, aggression, hallucinations
tremors, delirium, delusions, impaired judgement

18
Q

Cocaine w alcohol:

A
  • concurrent use w/ alcohol produces a condensation product cocaethylene= additive effect
19
Q

cocaine effect on severe overdose:

chronic effects:

A

-acute pyschosis
-rhabdomyolysis
-coagulopathy
-renal failure
-seizures
-severe hyperthermia
-death

20
Q

chronic effects of coc:

A

-Lheart issues lol (LVH, cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis)

-chronic renal failure
-nasal septum perforation

21
Q

Cocaine acute overdose TX:

Rehab:

A

-IV benzodiazepines
-AVOID BB due to alpha adrenergic effects
- cooling therapy
-tx sx
-mechanical ventilation w propofol

R: outpt therapy such as support groups

INPT when its serious physical or mental comorbidity and fails tx

22
Q

approved tx for ADHD:

FYI: prescription stimulant same physio effects as coc

A

-dextroamphetamine
-amphetamine
-methylphenidate

illicit:
meth, MDMA, ectasy

23
Q

Hallucinogen definition:

A

false perception w/out sensory stimulation in the waking state

-auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, somatic

23
Q

what are hallucinogens:

intoxication causes :

TX: supportive :/

A

group pf drugs that can cause highly unpredictable rxns

-hallucinations
-impaired judgement
-ideas of reference: random events in world relates to oneself

-depersonalization

24
Q

traditional hallucinogens:

A

LSD- lysergic acid diethylamide [derived from fungus that contaminate wheat and rye flour]

-Psilocybin “shrooms”
-mescalin [peyote cactus]

25
Q

signs and sx of tripping:

long term and short term effects:

A

LSD FLASHBACKS

-visual disturbances
-persistent psychosis (paranoia, disorganized thinking, distored perception)

-mood changes:
pamic/fear/ anxiety

-dizzy/arrthymia

25
Q

synthetic “designer drugs”

A

-tryptamines
-phenylethamines
-ketamine
-phencyclidine (angel dust)
-dextromethorphan
-MJ in large doses

26
Q

Hallucinogen diagnoses:

A

pt presents to law enforcement/ED in acute psychosis

27
Q

hallucinogen TX:

A

acute intox:
-supportive care
-anxiolytics for relief and anxiety –> BENZ

persistant sx/flashbacks:
-psychiatric care
-antipsychotic

use benz –> anxiety during flashbacks

28
Q

inhalant use disorder:

the solvents that your inhaling:

A

-acetates
-alcohol
-ether
-ketones
-aliphatic and aromatic
-hydrocarbons

29
Q

inhalent examples:

A

-adhesives
-paints
-paint strippers
-cleaning prods

30
Q

acute affects of inhalants:

A

-dizzy, drowsy, slurred speech, unsteady gait, hallucinate, delulu, death

hypoxia, laryngospasm [airway obstruction], arrythmias

31
Q

chronic effects of inhalants:

TX:

A

-perioral eczema
-hepatic/renal failure
-dysrhthmias

supportive care, relapse if frequent

32
Q

most common misused benz:

A

-alprazolam
-diazepam
-clonazepam

33
Q

Benz acute toxicity:

chronic effect:

A

-sedation
- respiratory depression

-flumazenil –>benz agonist that reverse resp.depress

CE: slow cognition, slurred speech, poor memory/faulty judgement
-emotional lability

34
Q

cessation sx of benz:

TX:

A

mild withdrawal such as:
tachypnea/cardia
tremulousness
confusion
seizures

TX: flumazenil to induce withdrawal

tapering is better and LT cessation

behavioral health exam 2 (5 decks)

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