Bioenergy

Question 1

What are some bio energy source?

Answer 1

Wood, Agriculture , manure, aquatic biomass, organic waste.

Question 2

What ways can bio energy resources be used?

Answer 2

It can be used directly as solid fuels or as oils extracted from plants.
It can also be transformed : into liquid fuels eg, ethanol, methanol and synthetic gasoline.
Transformed into gas fuels.

Question 3

What can they be combusted in an what type of energy can they produce?

Answer 3

They can be combusted in engines and incinerators and can produce heat energy, mechanical energy and electrical energy.

Question 4

Is this true of false : bio energy can be used in both large and small scales

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In 2014/16 what were the bio energy sources available?

Answer 5

Biomass was the major bio energy supply in the form of wood , agriculture,waste etc.
Then followed by liquid biofuels. Then municipal waste . Then biogas and industrial waste.

Question 6

Estimates of potential future energy supply from crops, agriculture ,wastes and forests

Answer 6

Bio energy has the potential to produce 1200EJ of energy , out of this a considerable amount could come from energy crops that are grown residual agriculture lands(agriculture lands that cost more to grow on than to import) ,rest lands(areas not intensively cultivated),degraded land and pasture.
Another portion could come from waste and residues(waste , agriculture and forestry residue) and finally a considerable portion could come from forestry itself.

Question 7

What are some essential preconditions for global biomass potential in 2035?

Answer 7

Population must be low (<9billion).
Crop yields must significantly outpace demand,with ample land for energy crops.
Vegetarian diet .
All residues used .
Very high input farming with limited and landless animal production and dung recovery.

Question 8

What is bio energy production dependent on ?

Answer 8

It’s dependent on how much productivity of the land is used . The more productive it is the less land you need .

Question 9

Potential for bio energy production on abandoned agriculture land.

Answer 9

This potential is much higher in higher income countries .

Question 10

What are some of the major constraints to bio energy production.

Answer 10

It may compete with land for cultivating food which will lead to food insecurity.
It requires very extensive water resources which competes with human need for water.
It may encroach into areas with rich biodiversity and cause habitat loss leading to biodiversity decline.
Bioenergy resources also include forest and agriculture residue so an expansion in this may be detrimental to ecosystems and other areas.

Question 11

What has been the main bioenergy source ?

Answer 11

Undensified Wood (wood just copped up and put in incinerator)
Then followed by black liquor (which is derived from the pulp and paper industry (one of the high energy consuming industries))
Then Densified wood: wood that pressed into smaller bricks more suitable for homes.

Question 12

Which sector uses the most bioenergy ?

Answer 12

The industrial sector sector uses high amounts of bioenergy.
Then comes the residential and services sector
Then electricity production
A small part being used in the transport sector.

Question 13

Is this true or false: over the years biomass use in the supply of energy to district heating has increased tremendously while fossils and other energy sources have decreased.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Is this true or false the potential for bioenergy resources is estimated to be higher in Avery source ie peat , agriculture,waste,black liquor,wood fuels.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are energy forest?

Answer 15

These are forest where energy plants are grown , they are usually. It too big and don’t take too long to grow(short rotation forest)

Question 16

Is this statement true or false: human beings see the same light as plants ?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is accumulated intercepted radiation?

Answer 17

The light intercepted by plants .

Question 18

Is the following statement true or false: the higher the accumulated intercepted radiation the higher the dry matter production.

Answer 18

True. Because accumulated intercepted radiation leads to and increase in photosynthesis which increase production in woody biomass leaves etc which the same as dry matter production.

Question 19

What is the most efficient way to increase the growth of trees ?

Answer 19

Although fertilizer dramatically increases the growth of tress the combination of fertilizer and irrigation is the best way to increase tree growth. It has a proven success in increasing stem volume, increased canopy development(increased leaf area index).

So this speed entails means that if there are no water and nutrient limitations stem volume of trees is bound to about 3times the normal production at least in Sweden.

Question 20

What are some of the pros and cons of using energy from mature forests?

Answer 20

Pro
Very high energy yield

Cons
Harvesting can impact diversity
Harvesting can cause massive release in carbon
Has very slow regeneration rate.

Question 21

What are some of the pros and cons of using energy from thinning forests?

Answer 21

Harvesting can promote growth of remaking trees promoting forest health
Cons
Has ecological impacts
Initial carbon release.

Question 22

What are some of the pros and cons of using energy from energy forests?

Answer 22

Pros
Fast growing
High energy output
Has high land use efficiency because it can be planted on degraded lands

Cons
There is a lack of biodiversity
Has ecological impacts from frequent harvests
These monoculture plants can become and invasive and encroach land impacting native biodiversity

Question 23

Carbon storage vs rotation periods : a.between slow growth rate long rotation period , b.fast growing medium rotation period and c. fast growing short rotation period .

Answer 23

They all have their carbon sequestration limits , obviously slower growth rate stores more carbon over time as compared to the other how ever fast growing species sequester carbon much faster than slower growing forests ,however fast growing short rotation period has moderate carbon storage capacity because of frequent harvest. Fast growing species with slower rotation have substantial carbon storage capacity just not as much as slower growin forests.