Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TIRED YEAR > Endo Pedia > Flashcards

Endo Pedia Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The following factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM EXCEPT *

a. prenatal influences
b. diet in infancy
c. viral infections
d. psychologic stress
e. excessive exposure to certain
infections

A

e. excessive exposure to certain
infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In cerebral salt wasting, vasopressin level is characterized as:

a. Low
b. Normal
c. High
d. Very high

A

A. Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical manifestations of pheochromocytomas include the following EXCEPT *

a. hypertension
b. good appetite
c. convulsions
d. pulmonary
edema
e. Obesity

A

e. Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The MOST common cause of acquired hypopituitarism is

tuberculosis
B. craniopharyngioma
C. eosinophilic granuloma
(histiocytosis)
D. toxoplasmosis meningitis

A

B. craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The MOST accurate test of thyroid function is *

A. T4
B. free T4
C. T3
D. thyroglobulin
E. TSH

A

E. TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The MOST common brain lesion causing central precocious puberty is *

A. postencephalitic scar
B. tuberculous meningitis
C. hypothalamic hamartoma
D. tuberous sclerosis
E. hydrocephalus

A

C. hypothalamic hamartoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The following are true about Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis EXCEPT: *

A. presence of thyrothropin
receptor-blocking Ab (TRB Ab)
B. patients don’t present with normal
serum T4 and TSH
C. in marked hypothyroidism, there is an
elevated TSH, low FT4
D. in subclinical hypothyroidism, there is an
elevated TSH and normal FT4

A

A. presence of thyrothropin
receptor-blocking Ab (TRB Ab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patients with autoimmune Addison disease must be closely observed for the development of
other autoimmune disorders. Of the following, the MOST commonly associated disorder in
children is *

A. alopecia
B. vitiligo
C. chronic active hepatitis
D. type 1 diabetes mellitus
E. hypoparathyroidism

A

E. hypoparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The current criteria for the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 DM is a fasting blood glucose that
exceeds *

A. 110 mg/dL
B. 115 mg/dL
C. 120 mg/dL
D. 125 mg/dL
E. 130 mg/dL

A

D. 125 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The following features suggest constitutional delay as a cause of short stature no signs or
symptoms of systemic disease: *

A. bone age delayed beyond the height age
B. period of poorest growth often occurring
between the ages of 18 and 30 months
C. parental or sibling history of delayed
development
D. height predictions consistent with family
characteristics

A

A. bone age delayed beyond the height age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most common cause of patients presenting with rounded face, prominent cheeks, moon
facies, “Buffalo hump”, generalized obesity, abnormal masculinization and Impaired growth
with hypertension is: *

A. dyshormonogenesis
B. acquired primary adrenal insufficiency
C. autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic islets
D. prolonged exogenous administration
of glucocorticoid hormones

A

D. prolonged exogenous administration
of glucocorticoid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A 1-month old presents with vomiting and severe dehydration. PE shows ambiguous
genitalia.Lab tests show hyponatremia. There is a deficiency in what enzyme/hormone?

A. 11 B-Hydroxylase
B. 17B-Hydroxylase
C. 21A-Hydroxylase
D. 17A-hydroxyprogesterone

A

C. 21A-Hydroxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In young persons with open epiphysis, overproduction of growth hormone results in: *

A. Acromegaly
B. Gigantism
C. Klinefelter syndrome
D. Sotos syndrome

A

B. Gigantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A water deprivation test is indicated when pathologic polyuria and polydipsia are present and
serum osmolality is: *

A. >250 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
B. > 260 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
C. > 270 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
D. > 270 mOsm/kg, > 300 mOsm/kg

A

C. > 270 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rapid correction of a person with serum sodium of 115meq/L will cause: *

A. Lateral pontine myelinolysis
B. Cerebral salt wasting
C. Central cerebellar myelinolysis
D. Central pontine myelinolysis

A

D. Central pontine myelinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is associated with the following EXCEPT *

A. lithium
B. amphotericin
C. Methicillin
D. Rifampicin
E. vancomycin

A

E. vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To diagnose a 2-day old neonate with ambiguous genitalia, vomiting, poor suck, the following
laboratory parameters are needed EXCEPT: *

A. androstenedione
B. dihydrotestosterone
C. 11-deoxycortisol
D. 17-hydroxyprogesterone
E. 17-hydroxypregnenolone

A

C. 11-deoxycortisol not sure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The gold standard for diagnosis of tall stature is: *

A. MRI
B. IV glucose challenge test
C. IGF-1 challenge test
D. Oral Glucose challenge test

A

C. IGF-1 challenge test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The following criteria are needed for the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) EXCEPT *

A. absence of volume depletion
B. excessive urinary sodium concentration
C. hyponatremia with normal serum osmolality
D. elevated urine osmolality
D. normal renal, adrenal, and thyroid function

A

C. hyponatremia with normal serum osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All the following tests are of diagnostic utility in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT *

A. midnight cortisol levels
B. nighttime salivary cortisol levels
C. glucose tolerance test
D. urinary excretion of free cortisol
E. dexamethasone suppression test

A

C. glucose tolerance test

21
Q

The cardinal clinical feature of gigantism includes: *

A. Longitudinal growth acceleration
B. Coarse facial features
C. Enlarging hands and feet
D. Visual problems

A

A. Longitudinal growth acceleration

22
Q

The following stimulate vasopressin (VP) secretion EXCEPT *

A. nausea
B. hyperosmolality
C. hyperglycemia
D. hypovolemia
E. hypotension

A

C. hyperglycemia

23
Q

Fluid resuscitation in patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are needed to correct the
following EXCEPT: *

A. hypoglycemia
B. hyponatremia
C. hypokalemia
D. hyperkalemia
E. dehydration

A

C. hypokalemia

24
Q

Physiologic factors play a role in stimulating and inhibiting growth hormone (GH). One of the following inhibit GH release : *

A. sleep
B. exercise
C. Fasting
D. hyperglycemia
E. Acute illness

A

D. hyperglycemia

25
Q

. A 1-month old presents with vomiting and severe dehydration. PE shows ambiguous genitalia.
Lab tests show hyponatremia. One of the following is the most reliable laboratory parameter
to diagnose this patient: An increase in serum
_________________
? *

A. 17-hydroxylase
B. 21A-Hydroxylase
C. 17A- OH progesterone
D. 17A-OH pregnenolone

A

C. 17A- OH progesterone

26
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the end result of the metabolic abnormalities resulting from a severe deficiency of insulin or insulin effectiveness. DKA is characterized by the following EXCEPT *

A. ketonuria
B. decreased pH
C. normal ion gap
D. elevated effective serum osmolality
E. decreased serum bicarbonate decreased pH elevated effective serum osmolality

A

C. normal ion gap

27
Q

In older children with Cushing syndrome, in addition to obesity, a common early manifestation is *

A. purplish striae on abdomen
B. short stature
C. hypertension
D. hyperglycemia
E. osteoporosis

A

B. short stature

28
Q

Congenital X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results from mutations in the gene/receptor: *

A. Aquaporin-1 gene
B. Aquaporin-2 gene
C. Vasopressin V1 receptor
D. Vasopressin V2 receptor

A

D. Vasopressin V2 receptor

29
Q

This is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with Type 1 Diabetes milletus. *

A. Ketoacidosis
B. Cerebral edema
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Nonketotic Hyperosmolar coma

A

B. Cerebral edema

30
Q

A well-educated 11-year old female sought consult due to short stature. Family history showed a few short maternal aunts. Which is the most likely test that will help you with your diagnosis? *

A. Bone aging
B. Thyroid hormone tests
C. Serum cortisol levels
D. Serum insulin levels

A

A. Bone aging - please recheck

31
Q

The maximum days of estrogen priming needed prior to GH testing to achieve greater diagnostic specificity is: *

A. 2 days
B. 3 days
C. 4 days
D. 5 days

A

B. 3 days

32
Q

Treatment options of patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia include the ff. EXCEPT: *

A. prednisone
B. hydrocortisone
C. dexamethasone
D. Fluodrocortisone
E. potassium chloride supplements
F. sodium chloride supplements

A

E. potassium chloride supplements

33
Q

Chronic SIADH is BEST treated with one of the following : *

A. Diuretics
B. Oral fluid restriction
C. Demeclocycline
D. Sodium supplementation

A

B. Oral fluid restriction

34
Q
  1. A 2-month old appears to be having inadequate weight gain. His mother claims that he is constipated.On PE, he has decreased muscle tone, a large fontanel, a large tongue, an umbilical hernia. The most common cause for this case is: *

A. Iodine deficiency
B. Thyroid malformation
C. TSH unresponsiveness
D. Defect in thyroid
hormone synthesis
E. Maternal Abs: Thyrotropin receptor-blocking Ab (TRB Ab)

A

A. Iodine deficiency

35
Q

The classic manifestations of polyuria, polydipsia, optic atrophy, and brain abnormalities characterize this disorder: *

A. Hyponatremia
B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Cerebral salt wasting
D. Syndrome of Inappropriate
Anti-Diuretic hormone

A

B. Diabetes insipidus

36
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is characterized by hyponatremia and an inappropriately concentrated urine mOsm/kg value of: *

A. > 100
B. > 200
C. > 300
D. > 400

A

A. > 100

37
Q

When a person consumes more than 2L per day, he would have increased urine output and the serum sodium would be: *

A. Normal
B. Decreased
C. Increased
D. Absent

A

B. Decreased

38
Q

The first clinical manifestation of acquired hypothyroidism is *

A. goiter
B. weight gain
C. constipation
D. poor schoolwork
E. deceleration of growth

A

E. deceleration of growth

39
Q

This is the end result of metabolic abnormalities from a severe insulin deficiency or insulin effectiveness.
*
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Ketoacidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Pheochromocytoma

A

B. Ketoacidosis

40
Q

The MOST common cause of permanent congenital hypothyroidism is *

A. dyshormonogenesis
B. defect of iodide transport
C. thyroid dysgenesis
D. Iodine deficiency

A

C. thyroid dysgenesis

41
Q

One of the following conditions are associated with Graves’ disease EXCEPT *

A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. alopecia areata
C. celiac disease
D. vitiligo
E. Anemia

A

E. Anemia

42
Q

Approximately 10% of infants with congenital hypothyroidism have associated congenital anomalies. Of the following, the MOST common are *

A. nervous system anomalies
B. cardiac anomalies
C. genitourinary anomalies
D. lungs anomalies
E. eye anomalies

A

B. cardiac anomalies

43
Q

The following statements are TRUE about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus EXCEPT: *

A. Non-insulin dependent diabetes
B. Noted peripheral insulin resistance
C. With absolute insulin deficiency
D. non-autoimmune destruction of B
cells

A

C. With absolute insulin deficiency

44
Q

Congenital autosomal recessive NDI results from mutations in: *

A. Aquaporin-1 gene
B. Aquaporin-2 gene
C. Vasopressin V1 receptor
D. vasopressin V2 receptor

A

B. Aquaporin-2 gene

45
Q

One of the following is NOT part of the management of diabetic ketoacidosis.
*
A. Sodium HC03 only if pH is <7.2
B. Initial hydration fluid of hypertonic 3% NaCl
C. Administration of glucose (5% soln in 0.2 N saline)
D. Give K+ added after the initial 20ml/kg if UO is adequate

A

B. Initial hydration fluid of hypertonic 3% NaCl

46
Q

The following are main features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) EXCEPT: *

A. ketonuria
B. venous pH <7.20
C. serum HCO3<15 mEq/L
D. ketonemia (serum ketones >3 mmol/L)
E. hyperglycemia (glucose usually >300
mg/dL)

A

C. serum HCO3<15 mEq/L

47
Q

It is the most common recessive form of Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (MPHD).
*
A. Mutations in PTX2
B. Mutations in PROP1
C. Mutations in POU1F1
D. Mutations in POU1F2

A

B. Mutations in PROP1

48
Q

The definitive diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency is the demonstration of:

A. high levels of IGF1
B. High levels of GH
C. Low levels of GH
D. Low levels of IGF1

A

C. Low levels of GH

49
Q

The thyroid hormones are transported in plasma bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. TBG binds approximately 70% of T4 and 50% of T3. TBG level increase with administration of : *

A. estrogens
B. androgens
C. glucocorticoids
D. nicotinic acid
E. l-asparaginase

A

A. Estrogens

TIRED YEAR (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions