3.1 metabolism and energy Flashcards
what is energy
ability to do work
Living organisms must _________, _________ and _________
energy
capture, store, and use
ATP is produced by
mitochondria (in eukaryotes)
Metabolism:
sum of the chemical
reactions taking place (catabolic and anabolic reactions)
2 types of energy
Kinetic, potential
Kinetic Energy
a result of motion
Potential Energy:
stored within an object;
depends on location and/or chemical
structure
2 types of potential energy
Chemical potential (electrons and protons)
Gravitational potential (distance from Earth)
First law of thermodynamics (“Law of Energy Conservation”)
Energy cannot be created nor
destroyed; it can only be changed from
one form to another
Example of 1st law of thermodynamics
Light energy comes from the sun
Converted to chemical energy by green plants
Stored in plant cells as carbs
Passed on to other organisms when they eat the plants
Converted to other forms: mechanical, thermal, sound…
Energy conversion depends on:
breaking and
re-forming chemical bonds
Electrons have more potential energy the
_______ they are from the nucleus
farther
True or false: electrons
can be attracted to multiple nuclei at the
same time = chemical bond!
True
bonds break: energy is _______
absorbed
bonds formed, energy is _________
released
A measure of the strength or stability of a
covalent bond is _________
bond energy
bond energy
amount of energy released per mole when bonds form
Activation energy (Ea)
energy required to begin the reaction