Week 5 - Joints Flashcards
What are joints
Joints also known as articulation are structures where 2 bones meet, providing mobility, flexibility and structure.
Joints are the sites where 2 skeletal elements come together.
What are the different types of joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What are fibrous joints
Bones - Fibrous tissue - Bone
Provides little to no movement
Examples of Fibrous Joints
- sutures e.g. the “seams” that only occur in the skull
- gomphoses - attach the teeth to their sockets in the jaws
- syndesmoses
What are syndesmoses
Type of fibrous joint
Where bones are connected by longer fibres, and the amount of movement dependent on fiber length
e.g. proximal tibiofibular joint and the distal tibiofibular joint (they are the joints in between the radius and ulnar which are connected by interosseous membrane)
What are the different types of cartilaginous joints
- Primary cartilaginous
- Secondary cartilaginous
What are primary cartilaginous joints
AKA = Symphysis
Bone - Cartilage - Bone
Provides little movement, protection (shock absorbers)
What are secondary cartilaginous
AKA = Symphyses
Bone - Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - cartilage - Bone
The fibrocartilage is compressible/resilient and acts as a shock absorber
*All secondary lie in the mid line - the middle of the body e.g. vertebra column
Example of Primary cartilaginous joints
- Epiphyseal plate
- Joint between first rib and sternum (immovable)
Example of Symphyses (singlular:symphysis) (secondary cartilaginous joints)
- Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc
- Pubic symphysis (between the 2 pubic bones)
What are synovial joints
Bone - Cartilage - Synovial cavity - cartilage - bone
Synovial joints are connections between skeletal components where the elements involved are separated by a narrow articular cavity
- Most joints are in this category
- Articular bones separated by a fluid filled cavity
- Allow sliding, rolling and twisting movements
Articular capsule
Hyaline cartilage - covers the articulating surfaces of the bone
joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)
Ligament
What are hinge joints
- uniaxial synovial joint
- Allows flexion and extension
e.g. elbow, ankle
What are pivot joints
- uniaxial synovial joint
- allows rotation movement
- Cylindrical process in ring of bone/ligament
e.g. superior radio-ulnar, atlanto-axial
What are Condyloid Joints
- Biaxial synovial joints
- allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction movements
- convex face in concave depression
- “egg in spoon”
e.g. knuckle joints, wrist joint
What are Saddle joints
- Biaxial synovial joints
- Allows flexion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction (circular)
- 2 convex and concave surfaces
e.g. between carpal and metacarpal at thumb
What are Ball and Socket Joints
- Multiaxial synovial joints
- allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and circumduction
- round head + cup-shaped depression
e.g. shoulder, hip joint
What are plane/gliding joints
- Multiaxial synovial joints
- Allow sliding r gliding movements when one bone moves across the surface of another
- flattened/slightly curved surfaces
e.g. carpals, tarsals
