Patient Mobility and Immobility Flashcards

1
Q

potential causes of immobility

A
  • direct injury/trauma to the musculoskeletal system
  • central NS damage
  • illness
  • complications from surgery
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2
Q

developmental consideration in infants, toddlers and preschoolers

A
  • delay is gross motor skills, intelectual development, or musculoskeletal development
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3
Q

developmental considerations in adolescents

A
  • may effect growth patterns and the ability to gain independence
  • social isolation can occur
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4
Q

developmental considerations in adults

A
  • physiological systems at risk
  • changes occur in family and social structures
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5
Q

developmental consideration in older persons

A
  • progressive loss of total bone loss, muscle strength and aerobic capacity
  • immobilization increases dependence on others and decreases their functional capacity fro self care
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6
Q

how can nurses contribute ot the loss of self care abilities

A

by doing too much for the patient

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7
Q

medically imposed mobility is also known as

A

bed rest

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8
Q

bed rest

A
  • reduces physical activity and oxygen needs
  • reduces pain )can also cause it)’- promotes safety for patients recovering form the effects of anaesthetics
  • allows patient who are ill or debilitated to rest
  • allows patient who are exhausted the opportunity for uninterrupted rest
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9
Q

deconditioning

A

a result of prolonged bed rest

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10
Q

etiology of deconditioning

A
  • pre hosptial functional capacity and reserve
  • sleep
  • pain
  • depression
  • bed rest and immobility
  • medical and surgical conditions and comorbidities
  • inflammation
  • nutrition
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11
Q

respiratory effects of immobility

A
  • atelectasis
  • hypostatic pneumonia
    -mucous accumulation (can lead to bacterial growth, decrease gas exchange and cause dyspena)
  • decreased lung expansion
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12
Q

cardiovascular effects of immobility

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • CO diminishes
    -potential for falls increases
  • thrombus
  • embolism
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13
Q

thrombus

A
  • blood clot that forms in a vessel as a result of injury (surgery), slow blood flow (bedrest), increased in blood viscosity (platelets or clotting factors)
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14
Q

what is the most common type of thrombus

A

DVT
- deep vein thrombus

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15
Q

Embolism

A
  • dislodged venous thrombus (blood clot) can travel to parts of the body and cause ischemic event
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16
Q

ischemic event

A
  • storke, myocardial infraction, pulmonary embolism
17
Q

Gi effects of immobility

A
  • decreased GI mobility (constipation, fecal impaction)
  • positioning limitations (difficulty passing stool)
  • pseudodiarrhea ( may be a result from fecal impaction)
18
Q

psedodiarrhea

A

liquid stool passing around an area of impaction
- if left untreated could result in a mechanical bowel obstruction

19
Q

urinary effects of immobility

A
  • experience urinary problems (urine enters the bladder aided by gravity)
  • increased risk of UTI and renal calculi (kidney stones)
  • may be unable to void
  • could lead to residual urine in the bladder (increases risk for infections)
20
Q

musculoskeletal effects of immobility

A
  • loss of lean body mass
  • accelerated loss of bone if patient already has osteoporosis
  • disuse osteoporosis
  • joint contracture
  • foot drop
21
Q

muscle strenght drops ___% per day

A

3

22
Q

disuse osteoporosis

A
  • bone becomes less dense; increased risk of fractures
23
Q

joint contracture

A
  • abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint
24
Q

foot drop

A
  • damage (possible permanent) to the peroneal nerve of the foot from constant flexion as a result of poor support
25
Q

integumentary effects of immobility

A
  • pressure injuries
  • shear
  • friction
  • hygiene concernes
  • potential delay in wound healing
26
Q

psychological effects of immobility

A
  • decreased social interaction
  • social isolation
  • sensory deprivation / alterations
  • loss of independence
  • role changes
  • emotional reactions
  • behavioural responses
  • changes in coping
  • depression
27
Q

depression

A

an affective disorder characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, emptiness, and hopelessness out of proportion to reality

28
Q

Assessment
subjective information examples:

A
  • degree of mobility or immobility
  • has disability been present for an extended period of time
  • is the patient fearful of mobilizing
  • well adapted to the use of an assisted device or even a wheelchair
  • degree of pain present
  • effect of mobility on lifestyle, family functioning and sense of wellbeing
  • patient expectations regarding mobilizing? do they expect assistacne
29
Q

Assessment
objective information

A
  • range of motion
  • gait
  • exercise tolerance and activity
  • body alignment
  • physical deformities
  • level of conciouness
  • affect, mood
30
Q

respiratory intervention

A
31
Q

cardiovascular interventions

A
32
Q

Gi interventions

A
33
Q

Urinary interventions

A
34
Q

musculoskeletal interventions

A
35
Q

integumentary interventions

A
36
Q

physiosocial interventions

A