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NURS175 > Supporting Urinary and Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Supporting Urinary and Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

the presence of proteins or blood in the urine is a sign of

A

glomerlar injury

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2
Q

presences of protein in the urine is called

A

proteinuria

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3
Q

presences of blood in the urine is also called

A

hematuria

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4
Q

normal urine product is

A

1-2 L/day

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5
Q

an output of less than 30mL / h may indicate

A

renal alterations

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6
Q

kidney functions

A
  • produce red blood cells
  • blood pressure regulation
  • bone mineralization
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7
Q

renin

A

controls blood pressure
- regulates renal blood flow

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8
Q

urters

A

tubular structure that connect the collecting duct to the urinary bladder

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9
Q

bladder function

A

stores and excretes urine

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10
Q

urination is also known as

A

micturition or voiding

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11
Q

pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

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12
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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13
Q

dysuria

A

buring while urinating

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14
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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15
Q

Urinary Incontience (UI)

A

any complaint of involuntary loss of urine

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16
Q

Nocturia

A

prevalent lower urinary tract symptom
- need to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate

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17
Q

urinary diversion

A

urinary stoma

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18
Q

postvoid residual (PVR)

A
  • the volume remaining in the bladder after a void
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19
Q

Nurses must consider that urinary elimination problems may be a result in alterations in

A

sexulaity and self concept

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20
Q

what should the nurse look at when reviewing the health history of a patient in terms of urination

A
  • patterns of urination
  • factors affecting urination
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21
Q

during the physical assesment what should the nurse asses in regards to urination

A
  • skin and mucosal membranes
  • kidneys
  • bladder
  • perineum of male and female
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22
Q

hesitancy

A

report of delay in initiating voiding

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23
Q

polyuria

A

report that urine excretion volume over 24 hours in noticably larger than the previous excretion

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24
Q

oliguria

A

diminished urinary output relative to intake (400mL/24 hours

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25
Q

dribbling

A

leakage of urine despite volunatry control of urination

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26
Q

hematuria

A

report of passage of visbale blood mixed in the urine

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27
Q

an hourly output of less than ___mL for more than __ hours is cause for concern

A

30
2

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28
Q

chacterisitics of urine

A
  • color
  • clarity
  • odour
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29
Q

normally urine should be a ____ color

A

straw

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30
Q

normal urine appears

A

transparent

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31
Q

purpose of GI tract

A
  • ingest food
  • break down ingested material into absorable forms
  • absorb nutrients and fluids
  • provide temporary storage of feces
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32
Q

mouth

A

mascualtes food and turns it into bolus

33
Q

3 functions of the colon

A
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • eliminiation
34
Q

correct positioning for elimination

A
  • knees higher than hips
  • leaning forward
  • elbows on knees
  • buldge out your abdominal
  • straighten your spine
35
Q

factors effecting normal bowel elimination

A
  • diet
  • fluid intake
  • physical activity
  • personal bowel elimination habits
  • privacy
36
Q

fibre

A

bilk of fecal material

37
Q

what are common predispoding factors to constipation

A
  • low dietary fibre and poor fluid intake
38
Q

lactose intolerance

A
  • inablility to digest the sugar lactose
39
Q

physical activity promotes

A

peristalsis

40
Q

how many types of stool are in the bristol stool scale

A

7 types

41
Q

type 1 (Bristol stool scale)

A

seperate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)

42
Q

type 2 (Bristol stool scale)

A

sausage shaped but lumpy

43
Q

type 3 (Bristol stool scale)

A

like a sausage but with cracks on the surface

44
Q

type 4 (Bristol stool scale)

A

like a sausage or a snake, smooth and soft

45
Q

type 5 (Bristol stool scale)

A

soft blobs with clear cut edges (easily passed)

46
Q

type 6 (Bristol stool scale)

A

fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool

47
Q

type 7 (Bristol stool scale)

A

watery, no solid pieces
ENTIRELY LIQUID

48
Q

what is the normal color of stool

A

brown

49
Q

what is white/ clay stool caused by

A

absense of bile pigement

50
Q

what does black or tarry stool indicate

A

ingestion of iron or bismuth preperations or upper GI bleeding

51
Q

what does a plae yellow, greesy stool indicate

A

increased fat contnet
- malabsorption of fat

52
Q

how often should the normal person eliminate

A

daily or 2-3 time weekly

53
Q

common bowel elimination problems

A
  • constipation
  • impaction
  • diarrhea
  • incontaince
  • flatulence
  • hemorroids
54
Q

constipation

A

bowel movements that are difficult or infrequent

55
Q

impaction

A

results from unrelieved constipation
- collection of hardened feces that are wedged in the rectum and cannot be expelled

56
Q

Diarrhea

A
  • increase in the number of stools and the passage of watery, unformed feces
57
Q

Bowel incotinence

A
  • inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
58
Q

Flatulence is the common cause of

A

abdominal fullness, pain and cramping

59
Q

flatulence =

A

gas

60
Q

how much flatulence is in a helathy individual

A

100 -200 mL

61
Q

hemmeroids

A
  • dialated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
62
Q

stoma

A
  • temporary or permeant artificial opening the the abdominal wall
63
Q

ileostomy

A

a surgical opening in the ileum

64
Q

colonoscopy

A

a surgical opening into the colon

65
Q

effulent

A

stool discharged from the ostomy

66
Q

what is the ideal fluid intake for adults

A

1500-2000ml

67
Q

what is the ideal fluid intake for an infant

A

500ml

68
Q

caffeine is a

A

natural diuretuc
- increases urine production

69
Q

when do children gain control of urination

A

between 12 months and 3 years

70
Q

psychological factors that influence urination

A
  • nervousness
  • stress
  • fear
  • cold
71
Q

Neurological factors that affect urination

A
  • impaired neuromuscular function
  • damage at or below the sacral region of the spinal cord
  • impaired neurological functions
72
Q

Urinary diversion

A

creation of an alternate pathway for urine elimination
- suprapubic catheter
- nephrostomy tubes
- urostomy

73
Q

dialysis

A
  • if renal cells are lost/damaged, dialysis can filter blood
74
Q

levels of urinary incontinence

A
  • stress UI
  • urge UI
  • Mixed UI
  • reflex UI
  • Chronic retention UI
  • functional UI
  • multifactorial UI
75
Q

Considerations for health promotion

A
  • maintain adequate hydration
  • void frequency
  • proper cleaning of perineum after voiding
  • maintain perineal hygiene
  • Kegel exercises can strenghten pelvic floor muscles
76
Q

what nutritional consideration is important in bowel continence

A

fiber

77
Q

foods high in greese and fat tend to cause

A

diarrhea

78
Q

physical activity encourages

A

peristalsis

NURS175 (12 decks)

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