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Criminology > 2.2 (Discuss The Aims Of Punishment) > Flashcards

2.2 (Discuss The Aims Of Punishment) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 aims of punishment?

A
  • Deterrence
  • Retribution
  • Rehabilitation
  • Reparation
  • Public protection
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2
Q

What is general deterrence?

A

Punishment to discourage the public from committing crime

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3
Q

What is individual deterrence?

A

Punishment to discourage the offender themselves from committing crime in the future

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4
Q

What sort of punishments are given for deterrence?

A

Harsher punishments and longer sentences

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5
Q

What theory is deterrence linked to?

A

Social learning theory

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6
Q

How is social learning theory linked to deterrence?

A

Offenders see a model (peers) being punished for offending, they will be less likely to imitate that behaviour

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7
Q

Is deterrence effective and why?

A
  • No
  • Recidivism rate = 70% in prisons (UK)
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8
Q

What is retribution?

A
  • To discipline
  • ‘An eye for an eye’
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9
Q

What is an example of retribution?

A

Death penalty

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10
Q

What is the theory linked to retribution?

A

Right realism

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11
Q

How is right realism linked to retribution?

A
  • They believe offenders are rational actors who choose to commit crimes and are fully responsible for their crimes
  • They must suffer the outrage of society
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12
Q

What is the statistical criticism of retribution?

A
  • In the USA, 2020, the murder rate for death penalty states = 7.5 compared to states w/out death penalty = 5.3
  • Therefore, ineffective
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13
Q

What is another criticism of retribution?

A

It is inhuman and irreversible (could be innocent)

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14
Q

What is rehabilitation?

A
  • To reform and change
  • Making the criminal not want to commit crime again
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15
Q

What are two examples of rehabilitation?

A
  • Education & training programmes
  • Anger management courses
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16
Q

What theory is linked to rehabilitation?

A

Cognitive theory

17
Q

How is the cognitive theory linked to rehabilitation?

A

In favour of CBT to teach offenders to correct thinking errors and biases that lead to criminal behaviour

18
Q

What is the right realist criticism for rehabilitation?

A

Argues rehab has limited success as recidivism rates are high

19
Q

What is the Marxist criticism for rehabilitation?

A

Criticise rehab for shifting responsibility for offending onto their failings rather than focusing on how capitalism leads people to commit crime

20
Q

What is public protection?

A

Where criminals are locked up where they can no longer cause harm

21
Q

What is an example of public protection?

A

Prison

22
Q

What theory is linked to public protection?

A

Biological theory

23
Q

How is the biological theory linked to public protection?

A
  • Lombroso- believes criminals are biologically different from the rest of society and that we cannot change them
  • He favoured sending them into exile
  • Other biological theorists favour chemical castration
24
Q

What are the criticisms of public protection?

A
  • Even when spent time in prison, people still come out and reoffend
  • Incapacitation leads to longer sentences, leading to a rising population in prisons
25
Q

What is reparation?

A

To make it up to society or the victim (repairing the damaged caused)

26
Q

Reparation: What is restorative justice?

A

Giving the victims a chance to tell the offender the impact of their crime

27
Q

Give two examples of reparation

A
  • Unpaid work
  • Financial payment
28
Q

What theory is linked to reparation?

A

Labelling theory

29
Q

How is the labelling theory linked to reparation?

A
  • Favours restorative justice as a way of integrating offenders back into society.
  • Allows them to show remorse for the wrong they’ve done
  • Avoids being punished into more deviance
30
Q

What are the criticisms of reparation?

A
  • Can’t use this for every crime, e.g. minor offences (more straightforward)
  • Both parties must agree to restorative justice

Criminology (7 decks)

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