Nav & Radar Passage Planning

Question 1

What is APEM ?

Answer 1

Appraisal
Planning
Execution
Monitoring

Question 2

Passage Planning - Appraisal Stage
Publications

Answer 2

• Chart catalogue
• Ocean passages of the world
• Routing charts
• Admiralty Sailing directions
• Admiralty list of lights
• Admiralty list of radio signals
• Admiralty Tide tables
• Notice to mariners
• Mariners handbook
• Relevant MSN´s, MGN´s

Question 3

Passage Planning - Planning Stage

Answer 3

• no go areas
• waypoints
• courses
• XTR
• planned speeds
• calling points (VTS)
• currents, tide streams
• distances
• wheel-over points

Question 4

Passage Planning - Execution

Answer 4

once departure date is know, ETA can be determined
- pre-departure checks
- berthing and logistical things organized
- ETA´s to waypoints
environmental factors
- tides and latest weather calculated

Question 5

Passage Planning - Monitoring

Answer 5

• progress should be monitored
• fixing ships position at frequent level
• watchkeeper to ensure that fully compliant with MARPOL & SOLAS

Question 6

Standard navigational Charts

Answer 6

official paper charts consisting of large scale charts for port and harbors and medium scale for navigation

Question 7

ENC´s

Answer 7

Electronic Navigational Chart

• official navigational charts for safe navigation

Question 8

Routeing Charts

Answer 8

Charts used for planning ocean voyages

• routes and distances between major ports
• ocean currents
• ice limits
• load lines
• windrosesand % of windspeeds and directions

Question 9

Admiralty Sailing Directions

Answer 9

information for coastal navigation and port entry
- navigational hazards
- buoyage
- pilotage details
- weather patterns
- port facilities

Question 10

Admiralty list of lights and Fog Signals

Answer 10

Identification of lights
- light descriptions
- geographical and luminous ranges

Question 11

Admiralty List of radio signals

Answer 11

1. Maritime Radio Stations
2. Radio Aids to Navigation, Differential GPS (DGPS), Legal Time, Radio Time Signals and Electronic Position Fixing System
3. Maritime Safety Information Services
4. Meteorological Observation Stations
5. GMDSS
6. Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services and Port Operations

Question 12

Admiralty Tide tables

Answer 12

planning of departure and arrival times
- heights and times of tides
tidal stream information

Question 13

Mariners Handbook

Answer 13

Knowledge related to safe navigation
- publications available and how to update
- Meteorology
- sea and ice conditions
- restrictions to navigation

Question 14

Ocean Passages of the world

Answer 14

support planning of deep sea voyages
- meteorology information
- climate, winds, currents

Question 15

Vector Charts

Answer 15

Pros:
- seamless joins between charts
- chart features can be interrogated
- layers can be selected by the user
- Alarms and Indications

CONS:
- expensive to produce
- unfamiliar symbols
- not all approved

Question 16

Raster charts

Answer 16

PROS
- familiar as same as paper charts
- world coverage
- fully approved
- cheap

CONS:
- cluttered when zooming out
- not scalable
- not seamless
- no alarms

Question 17

Mandatory reporting systems contents

Answer 17

• Ships name, call sign, IMO number MMSI
• ships course and speed
• ships destination
• number of persons on board
• hazardous cargo and quantity
• defects, deficiencies

Question 18

Where can mandatory and voluntary reporting systems be found

Answer 18

Admiralty List of Radio Signals

Question 19

Systems that control movement of ship

Answer 19

• Steering control system
• automatic track control
• speed and distance log
• compass system
• engine control system

Question 20

Systems that aid navigation and collision avoidance

Answer 20

• ECDIS (electronic chart display information system)
• GNSS (Global navigational satellite system)
• Radar / ARPA (automatic radar plotting aid)
• AIS (Automatic Identification system)
• Echo sounder
• BNWAS (Bridge navigation watch alarm system)

Question 21

System of communication

Answer 21

GMDSS (global maritime distress safety system)

Question 22

ECDIS

Answer 22

Electronic chart display information system that is type approved and meets IMO performance standards

Question 23

Sources of Meteorological Information

Answer 23

• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) consisting of 21 METAREA similar to NAVAREA to transmit high seas weather warnings
• UK OFfshore Shipping Forecast broadcasting through RT, NAVTEX, SafetyNET general weather forecasts for 24h
• UK Gale Warnings broadcasting gale warnings Fore 8 and more
• UK coastal inshore waters forecast
• UK Meteorology Office website

Question 24

Meteorological Instruments

Answer 24

• Atmospheric pressure having major influences on High and Low pressure systems
• Air pressure
• Humidity (Dewpoint)
• Wind speed and direction

Question 25

High Pressure

What are General conditions ?

Answer 25

• calm, clear, sunny conditions can be expected but also possibly trapped cloud or fog

Question 26

Low Pressure

What are General conditions ?

Answer 26

• clouds and precipitation can be expected with areas of deep lows potentially leading to storms conditions

Question 27

Barograph

Answer 27

• consist of a rotation drum with paper graph wrapped around it and a arm with pen (ink stylus) that records the pressure
• good as over time of a week so can give you more accurate reading and pressure tendency over time

Question 28

Hygrometer

Answer 28

• purpose is to measure the amount of humidity in the air
• wet bulb dry bulb thermometer

Question 29

What is a Safety Contour ?

Answer 29

Safety Contour: A specific depth contour set by ECDIS. It demarks the boundary between “safe-water” and shallow water and is going alarm when crossing the safety contour.

Question 30

What is a Safety Depth?

Answer 30

Safety Depth: Value set by the mariner that is used by ECDIS to portray soundings as black if they are equal to or shallower than the value and gray if they are deeper.

Question 31

How to you calculate Safety Depth ?

Answer 31

o Safety depth= Draft + UKC + Squad – HOT