Trunk

Question 1

flexion muscles

Answer 1

• rectus abdominis
• external oblique
• internal oblique
• transverse abdominus

Question 2

extension muscles

Answer 2

• erector spinae - (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
• multifidus
• rotatores
• quadratus lumborum

Question 3

right lateral flexion muscles

Answer 3

• right rectus abdominis
• right external oblique
• right internal oblique
• right iliocostalis
• right longissimus

Question 4

left lateral flexion muscles

Answer 4

• left rectus abdominis
• left external oblique
• left internal oblique
• left iliocostalis
• left longissimus

Question 5

right rotation muscles

Answer 5

• right external oblique
• left internal oblique
• left multifidus
• left rotatores

Question 6

left rotation muscles

Answer 6

• left external oblique
• right internal oblique
• right multifidus
• right rotatores

Question 7

trunk control

Answer 7

• stabilisation - the ability of muscles of the trunk to allow the body to remian upright, and selective movements of the trunk (verheyden et al 2007)
• resume the same position static or trajectory (dynamic) following pertubation

Question 8

selective movements

Answer 8

controlled, specific and coordinated movements of a joint or body part in relation to tother segments which are the result of precisely graded neuromuscular activities

Question 9

anticipatory postural adjustments of trunk muscles

Answer 9

• occur in advance to counter the pertubation associated with a forthcoming voluntary movement e.g. arm reaching
• ensures limb movements occurs against a background of dynamic stabilization of the body

Question 10

8

factors affecting trunk control after CNS lesions

Answer 10

1. weakness of trunk musculature
2. changes in musce activation and control (sequencing, firing, initiation)
3. disuse atrophy
4. decreased trunk poitional sense
5. spasticity
6. head control
7. tremor/ ataxia
8. spinal deformity

Question 11

factors affecting vertical perception and trunk control post-stroke

Answer 11

• perceptual problems of body schema e.g. pusher syndrome (patients arent able to identify where vertical is, and so appear to lean on one side as thats where they feel is vertical)
• **unilateral visuospatial neglect **( loose visual field on one side of both eyes - hemianopia

Question 12

structures of the trunk

Answer 12

• vertebrae
• pelvis
• shoulder girdle

Question 13

5

weakness of trunk post stroke

Answer 13

1. weakness is bilateral but more on the contralateral side
2. trunk control and core muscle strength are strongly associated
3. trunk extensors are more weak than flexors (Quintino et al 2018)
4. anticipatory postural adjustment of trunk muscles are impaired in patients with stroke
5. trunk control is an important early predictor of overall functional outcome, balance and gait