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US History 2112 > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Kellog Braind Pact

A

1928 agreement between league of nations members precluding the use of war against each other; fails when italy invades ethiopia

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2
Q

The Second Sino-Japanese War

A

reason for americas gradual deteriotation of relations with japan (culminating in the japanesse attack on pearl harbor)

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3
Q

The Manhattan Project

A

US project to develop an “atomic weapon” before the germans; begins in 1939 and concludes in july of 1945 (with the trinity test)

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4
Q

The Einstein Scilard Letter

A

reason for the manhattan project (sent to roosevelt in 1939 warning of what could happen if germany made a bomb first)

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5
Q

The Lend Lease Act

A

act passed by congress BEFORE the US formally entered the way; pledges material support (food, oil, weapons) to allied nations (not the axis powers); boycotts oil to japan

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6
Q

Two groups who started taking up jobs in WWII

A

women and people of color

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7
Q

War Relocation Authority

A

gov bureau that officially handled the “relocation” of americans “suspected of possible loyalties” to enemy forces

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8
Q

Group of People Targeted for Internment

A

mostly japanese americans but included german and italian americans

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9
Q

Number of Military Personnel in WWII

A

16 million

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10
Q

Double V Campaign

A

organized by harlem renaissance leaders; this campaign to encourgae Black Americans to fight in (and support) the war effort was also intended to help improve things for black americans

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11
Q

Ira Hayes

A

most notable native american War hero; marine at Iwo Jima

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12
Q

Windtalkeres

A

name for native code breakers; mostly navajo, some comanche

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13
Q

Midway

A

major turning point for the americans in the pacific (1942)

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14
Q

Iwo Jima

A

over 1000 americans died; only 15 survived, still a US victory

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15
Q

Salpan

A

last major battle in the pacific; after this the japanesse can no longer fight the americans directly; won with aid of navajo code breakers

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16
Q

Casablanca Conference

A

jan 14-24 1943; allies agree to only accept unconditional axis surrender

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17
Q

Tehran Conference

A

nov 28-dec 1 of 1943; allies plan invasion of europe; results in “operation overlord” (D-Day invasion)

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18
Q

Yalta Conference

A

feb 8 1945; earliest origins of cold war; bc stalin refuses to release eastern europe and korea

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19
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

late july 1945; allies threaten japan with utter destruction if they do not immediately surrender (they do not )

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20
Q

Dwight D Eisenhower

A

supreme commander of all allied forces in europe (1944-45)

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21
Q

George Patton

A

led the most US divisions in Europe, problematic rivalry with british officer

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22
Q

John Gardner

A

1933-41; roosevelts original VP; falling out over new deal

23
Q

Henry Wallace

A

1941-45; democrats did not approve of him bc of liberal views

24
Q

Harry Truman

A

jan-april 1945; picked by democratic party as Roosevelts new VP

25
Q

Did Truman know about the Manhattan Project as VP?

A

nah boo

26
Q

Bretton Woods

A

major agreement in 1944 that officially establishes the internal monetary fund (world bank); makes US dollar currency of global trade

27
Q

How did soviets know how to build a bomb?

A

Klaus Fuchs

28
Q

Doomsday Clock

A

measures how close the world is to WWIII/possible extinction level event

29
Q

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

A

married NY couple that was executed for aiding the soviets; guilty

30
Q

Joseph McCarthy

A

US senator who ignited the Communist Witch Hunt from 1950-55; causing congressional hearings, runing of careers

31
Q

Edward R Marrow

A

TV journalist who discredited McCarthy and ended the Communist Witch HuntS

32
Q

Sputnik One

A

launched i 1957 by soviets; officially starts the space race

33
Q

Federal Highway Act

A

reason for the federal hig

34
Q

ADD OTHERS

A
35
Q

Fidel Castro

A

Successfully leads a Communist revolution in January of 1959, soon becoming outwardly anti-American and close allies with the Soviets.

36
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Failed attempt at a U.S. invasion of Cuba (with the poorly trained sons of Cuban exiles from Miami). Castro personally leads the counter-attack (in which ALL of these partisans are killed).

37
Q

OPeration Anadyr

A

Soviet operation to install Nuclear missiles in Cuba (discovered by American spy planes in September of 1962). Were these missiles within possible striking range of Washington, D.C?

38
Q

When this became public knowledge, Kennedy had ultimately SIX options as President. You will need to list at least TWO (preferably THREE) of them. Which one did Kennedy CHOOSE, and which one did the Military (Secretary of Defense) WANT HIM TO CHOOSE?

A

Kennedy chose Blockade
Military wanted to invade
And Diplomacy failed

39
Q

How is the situation resolved before it could potentially escalate into World War III?

A

A last minute meeting is done over the phone and the Soviets and US dismantled their missile sites and the US promises not to invade

40
Q

Agreed to PUBLICLY dismantle their weapons in Cuba!

A

Soviets

41
Q

Agreed (and complied) to SECRETLY dismantle weapons in Eurasia!

A

US

42
Q

While Kennedy promised the Soviets NOT to invade Cuba, THIS was established as a U.S. military installation in southeastern Cuba.

A

Guantanamo Bay

43
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

A

Official declaration of war / beginning of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War in August of 1964 (we’ll discuss the war more later on).

44
Q

Year Truman Doctrine is Authorized

A

1947

45
Q

Operation Ajax

A

Iran

46
Q

The “Cuban Missile Crisis” occurred in October of this year (nearly starting WWIII).

A

1962

47
Q

INdian Termination Initiative

A

Official Government policy of “assimilating ALL Natives into American society” (so “Native Americans” as a group eventually wouldn’t exist).

48
Q

What happened to many Natives (previously on Reservations) under the Bureau of Indian Affair’s “Urbanization” program?

A

They were forcibly moved to large urband citiies

49
Q

Forced Sterilization

A

Clandestine Government program where non-Native doctors would (through deceptive means) render first-time Native mothers infertile after they gave birth to their first child.; went on after 50s

50
Q

Federal agencies paid Native workers in Arizona to mine for this substance (for military applications). Members of Navajo, Hopi, and Pima communities were exposed to unsafe working conditions (illnesses).

A

uranium

51
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

March 12th, 1947 – major change in foreign policy! The U.S. will now offer ANY assistance (military) to nations fighting Communists

52
Q

Korean War

A

First war the U.S. participates per Truman Doctrine!; 50-53

53
Q

Who did roosevelt run against

A

wendell wilkie

54
Q
A

US History 2112 (8 decks)

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