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US History 2112 > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

landmark supreme court ruling (1954) that officially ruled the segregation of American Public School as unconstitutional

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2
Q

Death of Emmett Till

A

event (august of 1955) that officially ignited the Civil rights movement

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3
Q

Views that Malcolm X had about how black people should be in society and violence

A

black separatist; violence should be used to defend themselves

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4
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycotts

A

first successful act of civil disobedience that results in official charges; led by MLK andothers under name of Montgomery Improvement Association; Rosa Parks

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5
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

A

organization founded by MLK, Ralph Abernathy, and others in 1957 to better involve black churches in the south to support the movement

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6
Q

Ralph Abernathy

A

mentor and right hand man to MLK; went everywhere with him and took over after MLKs assasination in 1968

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7
Q

Ella Baker

A

although she wasnt a very public figure she was important behind the scenes; mother of the civil rights movement

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8
Q

James Bevel

A

planned the major events and protests of the civil rights movement; responsible for planning both the birmingham protests and teh three attempted marches at selma; brains behind the protests

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9
Q

Medger Evers

A

NAACP leader from mississippi whose murder in 1963 at the hands of white supremacists further galvanized the civil rigths movement

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10
Q

Fannie Lou Hamer

A

another activist from Mississippi involved in promoting black voter turnout; also organizes “freedom summer” in Mississippi in 1964

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11
Q

Ann Atwater

A

later activist from N. Carolina who pushed for the integration of NC schools and convinces KKK leader C P Ellis to renounce the Klan

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12
Q

Greensboro Sit-Ins

A

feb-hune 1960; Two major sit ins at the JW Woolworths Franchise (different cities); successfu

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13
Q

Birmingham Confrontation

A

april-may 1963; protesting the violence against black activists in Birmingham; first protest televised live;

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14
Q

March to Selma

A

march 7-21 1965; catalyst- death of Jimmy lee Jackson; three attempted marches (3rd successful); notable for death for Rev. James Reeb and a landmark act of Civil Rights legislation it inspired

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15
Q

Voting Rights of 1965

A

atually implements Federal Oversight to make sure that state and local gov do not engage in voter suppression; most far reaching Civil rights legislation in American history

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16
Q

Chavez

A

founder of the National Farm Workers union; most prominent of all Hispanic American Civil rights acvtivists

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17
Q

Self Determinatino

A

new policy introduced by Lyndon B johnson; ending the previous termination initiative for good

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18
Q

Alcatraz

A

former federal prison occupied by Native American college protestors as a means to protest the taking of Native lands in 19th century treaties; 1969-71; peaceful and allowed non native sympathizers on the island

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19
Q

Black Panthers

A

militant, marxist-leninist Black organization founded in California in 1966; willing to cooperate with White protestors on occasion, but also engaged in occasional shoot-outs with police and the FBI

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20
Q

The Watts Race Riots of 1966

A

large scale race riot that broke out in a predominantly black neighborhood in Los Angeles Ca; Aug 11-16 1966

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21
Q

Assassination of MLK

A

occured at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis TN on April 4 1968; James Earl Ray Jr arrested and pleads guilty; later denies

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22
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

congresses resolution to formally enter the US into the already ongoing vietnam War; later referenced in pentagon papers

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23
Q

Tet Offense

A

four month North Vietnamesses offensive that caught both the Americans and S Vietnamese off guard; caused the US to become far more involved in the war

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24
Q

My Lai Incident/Massacre

A

1969 incident involving 347-500 vietnamese civilians dying at the hands of US troops; Lt William Calley charged; soldiers spat on

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25
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

signed between the US , North Vietnam and South vietnam in late Jan 1973; formally sets a time table for US withdrawal

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26
Q

Kent State Massacre

A

incident where four unarmed college studnets are fatally wounded (9 others injured) by the national guard in Ohio

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27
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

shorthand name for a series of documents first mde public in 1971 by Daniel Ellsberg; revealed that Johnson had lied about gulf of tonkin incident

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28
Q

SALT I

A

cold war agreement to limit production of ICBMS; ratified in 1972

29
Q

SALT II

A

cold war agreement to actually reduce existing ICBMs; never ratified

30
Q

China

A

Richard Nixon was the first presdient to reestablish diplomacy with them

31
Q

Wounded Knee Incident

A

results from AIM protesting Lakota leader RIchard Wilsons policiesW

32
Q

Watergate Scandal

A

begins when Nixons CRP (CREEP) caught snooping around rivals campaign headquarters; evertailly a smoking gun tape proves it all

33
Q

Camp David Accords

A

considered to be Jimmy Carters greatest accomplishment as President

34
Q

Iran Hostage Crisis

A

major international crises that lasts 444 days (also ruins carters chances of wining reelection in the 1980 election); ends one day after Ronald Reagans Inauguration

35
Q

Objectivism

A

reagans political philosophy; focuses on rights of the individual; colorblindness (one word policy for racial issues); equality at the starting line

36
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

major health crisis that adversely stigmatized the LGBTQ community; patient zero in the US was discovered in San Fransico in 1981 but it was a global epidemic

37
Q

Cable

A

expanded the number of channels that Americans could now watch on TV; also led to 24 hr news net works (such as CNN)

38
Q

Star Wars Program

A

officially known as the strategic defense initiative; reagan backed weapons program intedned to focus on futuristic types of weapons

39
Q

Libya

A

country targeted by the 1986 US Operation El DOrado Canyon because its leader Muammar al-Qaddafi was tied to terror attacks

40
Q

Malta

A

officially ended the cold war

41
Q

George H W Bush

A

introduced the clean air act and passed legislation protecting native burial sites (unpopular due to taxation)

42
Q

Bill Clinton

A

signed NAFTA; also became the second US president to ever be impeached by the house but was not removed by the senate

43
Q

Obama

A

introduced the Affordable Care Act; first non-white US president

44
Q

Trump

A

controversial presidency, impeached twice (acquitted both times); currently running again in 2024 with four trials pending

45
Q

Biden

A

obamas former VP; currently in office as of April 2024

46
Q

Wilma Maweller

A

celebrated female leader of the cherokee nation of oklahoma

47
Q

First Gulf War

A

first US conflict with Iraq; led 34 nation coalition but did not seek to remove Saddam Hussein

48
Q

NAFTA

A

north american free trade agreement; established “free trade” between th US, mexico, and canada; had negative implications for workers in all 3; signed in 1994

49
Q

Oklahoma City Bombing

A

domestic terror attack on the second anniversary of the Waco Siege; federal building destroyed by white supremascists

50
Q

Y2K

A

late 1999; a hysteria emerged over the possibiility of a computer glitch (brought about by obsolete dating systems); nothing happened

51
Q

The War in Afghanistan

A

begins with the US invasion of Afghanistan; Oct 2001

52
Q

Operation Iraqi Freedom

A

begins in 2003; but the US does NOT have broad support this time

53
Q

Tough sanctions on these three countries…

A

iraq, iran, N Koorea

54
Q

Party that primarily opposed the Second Iraq War and did many senators vote for this one?

A

democratic and yes many did (such as Biden)

55
Q

Rosa Parks

A

arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott; 1955-1956

56
Q

The Great Society

A

created by lyndon johnson; gov programs to end poverty and racial discord in US

57
Q

24th Amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

make it illegal to discriminate against race

58
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

enforced the previous one and gave federal oversight

59
Q

Selma Protests

A

murder of jimmy lee jackson cause; and rev James Reeb (white activist killed); 3 marches total

60
Q

Which president ended indian termination?

A

Lyndon Johnson and Nixon continued self determination

61
Q

Nixons Southern Strategy

A

support segregation

62
Q

Who was responsible for the My Lai Massacre

A

Lt William Calley

63
Q

Who did nixon try to have fired during the investigation?

A

prosecutor

64
Q

Was Nixon impeached?

A

no; he resigned beforehand

65
Q

Nixon Doctrine

A

instead of sending troops, the US would offer a “nuclear umbrella” if asked

66
Q

Operation: El Dorado Canyon

A

US strategic air bombings of libyia

67
Q

George W Bush

A

promoted an ownership society

68
Q

Three Main Issues Biden Administration Currently faces

A

the russian invasion of ukraine; the ongoing isreal hamas war; possibility of war between china and taiwan

69
Q
A

US History 2112 (8 decks)

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