Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the signs of spoilage?

A

Changes in texture, smell, taste, or appearance

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2
Q

What are the top 3 spoiled foods?

A

Fresh produce, milk, and grain products

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3
Q

What are these:
-Endogenous enzymes (oxidizing compounds or degrading pectins)
-Microbes (bacteria, molds, yeasts)
-Parasites (insects, rodents)
-Light (degrades pigments, fats, proteins; or stimulates pigment production)
-Temperature (heat and freezing)
-Air (oxydization)
-Moisture (too little- like crumbling or too much- like sogginess)

A

Factors that cause spoilage

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4
Q

What is the order of Organic Molecule Digestion in spoilage?

A
  1. Sugars and carbs
  2. Plant pectins
  3. Proteins
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5
Q

What are:
inhabitants of soil, water, or intestinal tract of animals—may be transmitted through air, water, or insects

A

Spoilage Organisms

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6
Q

What are yeasts and molds considered?

A

Fungi

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7
Q

What is the microbe that tolerates high sugar and high salt and causes spoilage in dried fruit, jams, and soy sauce? And what is it?

A

Zygosaccharomyces, a yeast

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8
Q

What causes spoilage in most fruits?

A

The Yeasts Candida and Saccharomyces

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9
Q

What are these types of:

Zygomycetes
Penicillium
Aspergillus

A

Molds

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10
Q

What microbe causes spoilage in strawberries?

A

The mold Zygomycetes

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11
Q

What does the microbe Penicillium cause spoilage to?

A

Visible rot on citrus, pears, and apples

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12
Q

What causes spoilage to grains, dried beans, peanuts, and tree nuts?

A

The mold Aspergillus

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13
Q

What are these types of?

Spore forming
Lactic Acid
Pseudomonas
Enterobactereae
Acinetobactor
Alcaligenes
Flavobacterium
Moraxella and Photobacterium
Bronchotrix

A

Bacteria that cause food spoilage

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14
Q

What foods are spore-forming bacteria commonly associated with? And why?

A

Heat-treated foods because spores are heat resistant

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15
Q

What bacteria is most commonly associated with the spoilage of refrigerated modified-atmosphere-packed (MAP) meat products or causes the greening of meat and gas formation. (Example: cheese blowing)

A

Lactic Acid Bacteria

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