feedstuffs Flashcards
1
Q
corn gluten meal
A
- byproduct of wet corn milling industry (manufacturing corn starch & corn syrup)
- used in ruminant & non-ruminant diets including pet foods
- starch only (endosperm only) = pure protein
- yellowish-brown color w/ granular texture
- bran = tip cap + pericap removed during milling process
- endosperm & germ also separated
- w/in endosperm can separate germ
- can feed to ruminants, non-ruminants, & pet food
2
Q
does corn have gluten?
A
no, gluten-free (only gluten in small grains e.g. wheat, barley, oats, rye)
3
Q
celiacs disease
A
allergy to gluten (immune rxn to gluten at intestinal level)
4
Q
sunflower meal
A
- byproduct of sunflower oil prod
- high in protein & fiber
- not suitable for feeding to non-ruminants
5
Q
distillers grain
A
- main byproduct of ethanol prod from corn (or mix of corn & other grains)
- grind to make meal out of corn, soak & expose to enzymes that turn starch into sugar then use anaerobic fermentation to convert sugar to ethanol
- distillation ↑ [ethanol]
- anything left = distillers grain
- w/out starch: ↑ [protein] & other nutrients
- primarily used in ruminant diets (feedlot & dairy cattle)
- has fiber content
- transported by rail
6
Q
common types of distillers grain
A
- wet distillers grain (WDG) contains 70% moisture & has shelf-life of 4-5d ∴ only used in farms close to prod of ethanol
-
dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is WDG that has been dried w/ concentrated stillage to 10-12% moisture (stillage has soluble sugars)
- almost indefinite shelf-life
- may be shipped to any farm regardless of proximity to ethanol plant
7
Q
brewers grain
A
- can be wet or dried
- solid residue left after the processing of germinated & dried grains (malt) for the prod of beer
- high in fiber
- mainly barley or rice
- primarily used in rumen diets (mostly fed as wet & close to prod site)
8
Q
animal byproducts
A
- meat & bone meal (MBM) ➞ high in good quality protein + good source of Ca & P
- cheap & nutritious byproduct of meat industry
- MBM = byproduct of rendering industry
- obtained by rendering of slaughterhouse byproduct of animal origin during the processing of carcasses
- cooked in high pressure & temp
- remove fat/oil ➞ tallow or lard
- excludes liquid blood, hair, hooves, hide, stomach, & rumen
9
Q
dried blood plasma
A
- meat industry byproduct produced by adding anticoagulant to freshly collected blood separating the plasma from RBC by centrifuge & spray-drying
- higher qulity & more palatable than blood meal
- high in protein
- have immunological benefits ➞ good source of immunoglobulins
- high cost limits use
- fed in starter diets to early-weaned pigs & also in pet food
10
Q
blood meal
A
- byproduct of the meat industry
- produced by grinding dried blood into a meal
- high in protein, Fe, & N but lower in palatability & digestibility than many other protein sources
- used in limited amounts in young pigs
- not very common
- mode blood meal used as fertilizer for organic crop prod
11
Q
fish meal
A
- fish caught for animal feed
- byproduct from fish processed for humans
- w/ or w/out extraction of oil
- high CP
- good source of omega-3s
- used in poultry diets, pet foods, aquaculture diets, weaning pigs diets
- concerns:
- high oil
- rancidity
- fishy odors & flavors
12
Q
poultry litter
A
- used as source of NPN for ruminants ONLY (non-lactating cattle)
- CP 28-35%
- much of N in form of NPN (uric acid then w/ fermentation comes urea & ammonia)
- main prod of protein digestion = uric acid (not urea ➞ no bladders) ∴ feces from chx has higher N than other species
13
Q
urea
A
- NPN ∴ should only be fed to ruminants
- feed grade urea contains 45%N or 281% CP
- cheap & convenient: 1lb of urea + 6lb of grain is like feeding 7lbs of soybean meal
- can be toxic in excess
- max 1.5% of total diet DM basis can be urea
- diets w/ added urea should contain readily available C sources for energy
