Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY HEAD AND NECK > Pharyngeal Derivatives And VISCERAL INNERVATION OF THE HEAD > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Derivatives And VISCERAL INNERVATION OF THE HEAD Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic development of the thyroid gland

A

Endoderm of the pharyngeal arches
From the foramen cecum, the cells migrate through the thyroglossal duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anomalies of the thyroglossal duct and thyroid gland

A

thyroglossal cysts – located at the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Relationships of the thyroid gland

A
  • Trachea
  • Cricoid
  • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Lateral to the esophagus
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Internal jugular vein, common carotid and vagus (lateral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At which vertebral level does the cricoid finish?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery branch from?

A

From the thyrocervical trunk (which comes from the subclavian artery).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

Inferior, middle and superior thyroid vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

On what system do the visceral fibers of the PS in glands act?

A

They control smooth muscle, they stimulate secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine as it releases hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are the sympathetic fibers (which come from the sympathetic trunk) that accompany vessels to the thyroid gland?

A

They are only vasomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic ganglion start at T1: TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE
We have a sympathetic ganglion (with postganglionic neurons) at each vertebral level, even though the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk come from the spinal cord from T1-L2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathway of the postganglionic fibers (sympathetic system) that innervate the face.

A

The postganglionic fibers that innervate the face come from the cervical ganglion (sympathetic trunk), and they accompany the arteries till the face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Origin of external auditory meatus

A

1st pharyngeal cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Typical location of lateral cervical cysts

A

Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches?

A

Enlargements of the endodermal lining of the PAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

pharyngotympanic tube & tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Palatine tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

inf parathyroid glands, C cells and thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Superior parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a genetic condition that can affect many parts of your body and causes heart abnormalities, an impaired immune system and developmental delays.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the three greater salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the lesser salivary glands

A

Palatine, buccal, labial, palatoglossal & lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Relationships of the parotid gland

A

external carotid artery and retromandibular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parotid duct=

A

Stenon’s duct (se puede observar en espejo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the opening of the submandibular duct?

A

Sublingual papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the parasympathetic innervation that innervates the glands of the head? (Preganglionic neurons)

A

Preganglionic PS neurons innervating the glands in the head are located in the brainstem
(PS VE travel with CNs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PS innervation of glands

A
  1. Parotid gland – fibers that travel with the lesser petrosal nerve (IX CN) - otic ganglion- auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
  2. Submand/sublingual glands– fibers that travel with the chorda tympani (VII) – lingual nerve (V3) - submandibular ganglion
  3. Palatine and nasal mucosa - fibers that travel with the greater petrosal (VII) - nerve of the pterygoid canal -pterygopalatine ganglion
  4. Lacrimal gland – fibers that travel with the greater petrosal (VII) - n pterygoid canal- pterygoplatine ganglion - zygomatic (V2) – communicating branch - lacrimal (V1) to reach the gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the sympathetic innervation of the glands?

A

Sympathetic innervation of glands accompany the arteries to the glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Innervation of constrictor m of the pupil and ciliary muscles

A

PS fibers with III CN - ciliary ganglion – short ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Innervation of dilator pupillae muscles

A

Sympathetic fibers with the ophthalmic artery – short & long ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What can happen if the thyroglossal duct does not fully obliterate?

A

It can lead to cysts at any point of the migratory pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The thyroid gland is covered by … (3) muscles.

A

Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When having a thyroid surgery, we have to be careful with the … nerve

A

Recurrent laryngeal: it passes between the esophagus and the trachea and the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY THYROID GLAND
- …: a branch of the thyrocervical trunk
-…: a branch of the external carotid artery

A
  • inferior thyroid artery
  • superior thyroid artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE THYROID GLAND
- Superior thyroid vein coming from…
- Middle thyroid vein coming from…
- Inferior thyroid vein coming from…

A
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Brachiocephalic vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What kind of innervation do we find in the thyroid gland?

A

Sympathetic innervation: from middle and inferior cervical ganglia, they accompany the arteries and produce vasoconstriction
(SYMPATHETIC TRUNK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

1st pharyngeal cleft gives rise to…

A

External auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

2nd, 3rd and 4th pharyngeal clefts give rise to…

A

Cervical sinus which disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If cervical sinus does not diasappear, … are formed

A

Lateral cervical cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The endoderm of the arches proliferates and forms…

A

Pharyngeal pouches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to…

A

pharyngotympanic tube & tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to…

A

Palatine tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to…

A

inf parathyroid glands, C cells and thymus

44
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to…

A

Superior parathyroid glands

45
Q

Name the greater salivary glands:

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

46
Q

Name the lesser salivary glands:

A

palatine, buccal, labial, palatoglossal & lingual

47
Q

Parotid gland is a … gland

A

Serous

48
Q

Submandibular gland is predominantly…

A

Serous

49
Q

Sublingual gland is predominantly …

A

Mucous

50
Q

The parotid gland encloses….

A

The retromandibular vein and the external carotid

51
Q

The … penetrates the parotid gland

A

Facial nerve

52
Q

The … of the parotid gland courses along the masseter, pierces the buccinator and enters the oral cavity.

A

Stenon duct

53
Q

PS innervation of the parotid gland

A

lesser petrosal nerve (IX CN) - otic ganglion- incorporate into the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

54
Q

Submandibular gland ducts open into …

A

Sublingual papillae

55
Q

Preganglionic PS neurons innervating the glands in the head are located in the …

A

Brainstem

56
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

chorda tympani (VII CN) – incorporates/accompanies the lingual nerve (V3) - submandibular ganglion

57
Q

PS innervation (secretomotor) of the mucosa of nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, palate:

A

greater petrosal (PS) - nerve of the pterygoid canal -pterygopalatine ganglion

From the ganglion, PS and S fibers accompany the corresponding sensory nerves and arteries

58
Q

PS innervation of the lacrimal gland

A

greater petrosal (VII) – n pterygoid canal- pterygoplatine ganglion - zygomatic (V2) – communicating branch - lacrimal (V1) to reach the gland

59
Q

Sympathetic innervation of glands accompany the … to the glands

A

arteries

60
Q

PS INNERVATION EYE MUSCLES

A

PS fibers with III CN - ciliary ganglion – short ciliary nerves (to produce constriction/miosis and change the curvature of the lens by contracting ciliary muscles).

61
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the eye

A

Sympathetic fibers with the ophthalmic artery – short & long ciliary nerves to innervate dilator pupillae m.

62
Q

Why the curvature of the lens does not need to be controlled by the sympathetic system?

A

Because when the pupil is dilated, enough light comes in to create a sharp image. There is no need to adjust lens curvature.

63
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the structures identified as number 1?

A

4th pharyngeal pouch

64
Q

Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the parotid gland?

retromandibular vein

internal carotid artery

external carotid artery

branches or trunks of the facial nerve

A

Internal carotid artery

65
Q

The thyroid gland is located at approximately the level of C5 to T1 vertebrae (T/F)

A

True

66
Q

An individual has a large blood clot at the right thyrocervical trunk. Which of the following arteries supplying the thyroid gland is most likely to be affected?

inferior thyroid artery

external carotid artery

superior thyroid artery

common carotid artery

A

Inferior thyroid artery

67
Q

Mark the INCORRECT association between the ganglion containing parasympathetic motor neurons and the gland innervated by them

submandibular ganglion - submandibular gland

pterygopalatine ganglion - sublingual gland

ciliary ganglion - constrictor muscle of the pupil

pterygopalatine ganglion - lacrimal gland

otic ganglion - parotid gland

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion-sublingual gland

68
Q

The thyroid gland originates from …

A

The floor of the pharynx

69
Q

Identify the structures pointed at in the image:

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Lingual nerve
  3. Submandibular gland
  4. Submandibular duct
70
Q

The parotid gland is located in the retromandibular fossa, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, superficial to the masseter and inferior to the zygomatic arch (T/F)

A

True

71
Q

Mark the INCORRECT association between cranial nerve and parasympathetic fibers travelling with it

chorda tympani - V nerve

lesser petrosal nerve - IX nerve

greater petrosal nerve - VII nerve

PS fibers to the pupil - III nerve

A

CHORDA tympani- V nerve

72
Q

An individual is set to undergo a thyroidectomy. Which of the following anatomical relationships is correct?

The thyroid gland is positioned superficial to the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

The superior and inferior thyroid arteries run between the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia and the fibrous capsule of the thyroid gland

The left and right thyroid lobes are connected by the pyramidal lobe

The thyroid gland typically sits at the level of C3 to C6

A

The superior and inferior thyroid arteries run between the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia and the fibrous capsule of the thyroid gland

73
Q

…. muscle helps in the closure of the mandible

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

74
Q

…. muscle helps in the lateral movement of the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

75
Q

Name all muscles innervated by the motor branch of the Trigeminal nerve.

A
76
Q

The … muscle takes insertion both in the articular capsule and the intraarticular disc

A

Lateral pterygoid

77
Q

Name the 4 masticator muscles

A

Masseter, temporal muscle, medial and lateral pterygoid muscle

78
Q

Name the two muscles in the floor of the oral cavity which contribute to mastication and their function

A

Mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. They depress the mandible

79
Q

The anterior belly of the digastric is innervated by the…, however the posterior belly of the digastric by the…

A

Motor branch of the Trigeminal, facial nerve.

80
Q

Name a muscle related to mastication which tenses the soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini

81
Q

Name these muscles related to mastication

A
82
Q

Name these muscles related to mastication

A
83
Q

Protrusion is mainly carried out by…

A

LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE

84
Q

Retraction is mainly carried out by…

A

TEMPORALIS AND DEEP PART OF MASSETER

85
Q

Elevation is carried out by…

A

Temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

86
Q

Depression is carried out by…

A

Muscles in the floor of the mouth (anterior belly of the digastric and mylohyoid) + gravity

87
Q

The … trunk of V3 is the one which is largely motor

A

Anterior

88
Q

Name the branches of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve

A

Deep temporal nerves, nerve to lateral pterygoid, masseteric nerve, nerve to medial pterygoid, branch to tensor veli palatini, branch for tensor tympani.

89
Q

Motor component of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve and what it innervates

A

Nerve to mylohyoid: it innervates the my,hyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric

90
Q

The … nerve travels along with the inferior alveolar nerve

A

Mylohyoid (from the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve)

91
Q

Name the nerve

A

Masseter nerve

92
Q
A
93
Q

The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk of V3 is the … which supplies the mucosa of the oral cavity

A

buccal nerve

94
Q

The posterior trunk of V3 is mostly …

A

Sensory

95
Q

Name the sensory nerves of the posterior trunk of V3

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Inferior alveolar nerve: divides into incisive and mental nerve when exiting through the mental foramen
  • Lingual nerve (CHORDA tympani attaches to it)
96
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve recovers sensory info from…

A

Inferior teeth

97
Q

The lingual nerve accompanies the… into the oral cavity

A

Submandibular duct

98
Q

Cutaneous territory of V3

A

Mandibular and mental regions, inferior aspect of auricle and temporal region

99
Q

Summary of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A
100
Q

The infratemporal fossa is supplied by branches of the …

A

Maxillary artery

101
Q
A
102
Q

All V3 nerves are supplied by a branch of the maxillary artery except the …

A

Lingual nerve, the lingual artery comes off directly from the external carotid.

103
Q

Venous drainage of the infratemporal fossa

A
104
Q

Visceral efferent branches of the lesser petrosal (IX PS) which synapse in the OTIC ganglion, travel within the … to reach the parotid gland

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

105
Q

External carotid artery bifurcates into supratemporal and maxillary within the…

A

Parotid gland

ANATOMY HEAD AND NECK (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions