Hypertension Flashcards
Q: What is the leading cause of stroke?
Hypertension
Q: When following the DASH diet, what is on of the essential nutrients of which a client should ensure they get enough?
A. iron
B. vit A
C. monounsaturated oils
D. Magnesium
D. Magnesium
……………………………….
Potassium,calcium, and magnesium to reduce BP
Q: how much weight needs to be lost to reduce the stress of hypertension on the heart?
5-10 lbs
Obj: List the diagnostic criteria for elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension
category SBP DBP
Normal <120mmHg and < 80 mmHg
elevated 120- 129mmHg and <80 mmHg
Hypertension
stage 1 130-139 mmHg or 80-89 mmHg
Stage 2 >=140 mmHg or >= 90 mmHg
Obj: Identify primary risk factors for essential hypertension?
age, body mass (especially excess body fat), excess sodium intake, increased alcohol intake and physical inactivity , stress, inadequate sleep
…………………….
Study notes that increasing rates of hypertension closely correlated with rising rates of obesity (70% essential hypertension cases associated with obesity); possibly due to the sustained sympathetic nervous system
inadequate sleep linked to obesity due to obstrutive sleep apnea so best to lose weight to improve sleep quality
Obj: Explain the role of physical activity and exercise in the prevention and management o hypertension
low and high intensity exercise training effective in reducing BP; rec: mod intensity 30 mins + for 5 days+ /wk aerobic exercise + resistance exercise 2 days/wk
avoid isometric exercises
Obj: examine key dietary components that can positively influence blood pressure. What does the DASH diet advocate?
How can a health coach be of help to the client?
DASH- Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension
consume fiber and potassium via fruits, vegetables and whole grains, reduce total and saturated fat, and getting adequate protein via meat and low-fat dairy products
Coach can explore dietary changes with clients and support the client devise an individualized action plan that promotes long-term adherence ; empower clients to improve self-management
Obj: Discuss how stress-management practices, such as meditation, can help a client manage blood pressure as part of a lifestyle modification program
Since pyschoscocial stress contributes to hypertension, stress reductions practices important to reduce BP
Transcendental meditiation (TM) and meditiation in general showed to help reduce BP
Q: In 2017, the AMerican Heart association changed the definition of hypertension from a blood pressure of >= 140/9-mmHg to……….
> =130/80
Q: Study found that participants who had a maximal exercise capacity of >= 12 METs had a ………
lower risk of developing hypertension compared to the participants whose capacity was <6 METs
20%
Q: Because of the role of stress in hypertension, what kind of intervention is recommended by national hypertension guidelines to prevent or delay the onset of hypertension?
Psychosocial intervention
…………………………………..
stress is a primary risk factors for hypertension;
chronological stress due to global urbanization, cultural and socioeconomic changes, occupational stress an lack of physical activity an social support
Q: Essential hypertension is the result of ………..
genetic and environmental factors
…………………………..
no known evident cause for essential hypertension other than lifestyle (environmental) and genetics; most common type diagnosed
genetics affects the variability in training BP responses
secondary hypertension is the result of some identifiable cause (like kidney disease)
Q: strong evidence supports eating recommended amounts of which foods to decrease blood pressure?
Fruits and vegetables
Q: the volume of regular aerobic exercise that has been shown consistently to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure is
150 mins/wk or more
Q: what is the 1st drug of choice for uncomplicated hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics
help lower BP because decrease volume
…………..
medications also include
1. beta blockers ( lower BP by decreasing HR and contractility)
2. ACE inhibitors (lower Bp by decreasing fluid volume and vascular resistance)
3. angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs)- (prevents angiotensin 2 from binding to angiotensin 2 receptors = allows blood vessels to dilate)
4. calcium channel blockers (relax and widen blood vessels)
