Exam 2 - Nervous system overview

Question 1

Three functions of nervous system

Answer 1

1. Sense/process
2. Integrate
3. Motor/Effect

Question 2

Two types of nervous system and their body parts

Answer 2

1. Central (CNS) - brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral (PNS) - cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

Two subdivisions of PNS

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 4

Two subgroups of motor PNS

Answer 4

Somatic and autonomic

Question 5

cluster of nerves in PNS

Answer 5

ganglion

Question 6

cluster of nerves in CNS

Answer 6

nuclei

Question 7

This group of motor PNS cells control skeletal muscles

Answer 7

somatic

Question 8

This group of motor PNS nerves control the cardiac and smooth muscles

Answer 8

autonomic

Question 9

5 steps of reflex arc - which neurons are involved when?

Answer 9

1. Stimulation of receptor (aka burning hand)
2. Activation of sensory neuron
3. Info travels to CNS and info is processed (interneuron)
4. Activation of motor neuron
5. Response of peripheral effectors (aka, move your hand away from heat source)

Question 10

Reflexes happen at the _____ level

Answer 10

autonomic

Question 11

3 parts of neuron

Answer 11

1. Dendrites
2. Soma
3. Axon

Question 12

somas have large ____

Answer 12

nuclei

Question 13

the part of the cell that grows out of the soma into an axon is called the

Answer 13

axon hillock

Question 14

many axons are wrapped in

Answer 14

myelin sheaths

Question 15

what is the purpose of myeline sheaths?

Answer 15

increase speed of impulses

Question 16

impulses travel between myelin sheaths. this is called

Answer 16

saltatory conduction

Question 17

gaps between myeline sheaths are called ____. This is where action potential is triggered

Answer 17

nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

end of the axon is called

Answer 18

axon terminal

Question 19

ends of axon terminals that bulges out; neurotransmitters stored here

Answer 19

synaptic knobs

Question 20

___ neurons carry info from PNS to CNS

Answer 20

sensory (afferent)

Question 21

____ neurons carry info within CNS

Answer 21

Interneuron (association; internuncial)

Question 22

____ neurons carry info from CNS to PNS

Answer 22

Motor neurons (efferent neurons)

Question 23

4 main types of neuroglia cells in CNS

Answer 23

4 elements; omega without the g

1. microglia (fire)
2. oligodendrocytes (air)
3. ependymal cells (water)
4. astrocytes (earth)

Question 24

what do microglia do?

Answer 24

Fire - destroy and scar

break down debris and waste, produce scar tissue

Question 25

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 25

Air - wrap axons in cylinders

make myelin sheaths in CNS

Question 26

what do ependymal cells do?

Answer 26

Water

makes cerebrospinal fluid in CNS

Question 27

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 27

Earth - support and barriers

structural support, between blood vessels and neurons, make blood-brain barrier

Question 28

_____ cells make myelin sheaths in PNS

Answer 28

Schwann

Question 29

two tracts in nervous system, ___ and ___

Answer 29

ascending and descending

Question 30

What is the ANS?

Answer 30

autonomic nervous system - part of PNS, functions without conscious intent, controls visceral motor functions

Question 31

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

Answer 31

Sympathetic division - active during fight/flight
Parasympathetic division - active under rest and digest