DRRR|WEEK 6

Question 1

Refers to a fracture, fissure or a zone of weakness where movement or displacement has occurred or may occur again

Answer 1

FAULT

Question 2

is said to be “active fault” if it has historical and contemporary seismicity, has evidence of fault slip based on displaced rocks or soil units of known age and displaced landforms

Answer 2

A fault

Question 3

is defined as a fault which has moved within the last 10,000 years

Answer 3

An active fault

Question 4

is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere.

Answer 4

An earthquake

Question 5

are caused by slippage along a break in the lithosphere, called a fault.
The energy released by an earthquake, travels in all directions from the focus in the form of seismic waves.

Answer 5

An earthquake

Question 6

The movement that occurs along faults during earthquakes is a major factor in changing Earth’s surface.
Forces inside Earth slowly deform the rock that makes up Earth’s crust, causing rock to bend.
Elastic rebound is the tendency for the deformed rock along a fault to spring back after an earthquake.

Answer 6

An earthquake

Question 7

is a device used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake.

Answer 7

A seismograph

Question 8

The rapid energy in the earth’s crust causes a shaking movement
An earthquake may be classified as either tectonic or volcanic.
In certain cases, earthquakes can result from man-made activities such as detonation of explosives, deep mining activities, etc. However, these earthquakes are mild and may be felt only as tremors.

Answer 8

EARTHQUAKE

Question 9

This wavelike movement of the earth’s surface

Answer 9

SEISMIC WAVES

Question 10

The source of the earthquake
Occurs under the ground and the waves are distributed to all directions from it.

Answer 10

FOCUS

Question 11

The location on the surface of the earth directly above the focus

Answer 11

EPICENTER

Question 12

The energy released produces an increasing distance from the focus.
The earthquake waves or vibrations reduce in intensity from the focus.

Answer 12

DISSIPATION OF ENERGY

Question 13

Are a series of tremors that occur before the main earthquake.

Answer 13

Foreshocks

Question 14

Are weaker earthquakes that follow the main shocks and can cause further damage to weakened buildings

Answer 14

Aftershocks

Question 15

Refer to earthquake agents which have the potential to cause harm to vulnerable targets which can either be humans, animals or even your environment.

Answer 15

EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

Question 16

Permanent features an earthquake can bring out.
Examples
fault scarps, surface ruptures, and offsets of natural or human-constructed objects.

Answer 16

PRIMARY EFFECTS

Question 17

happen when ground movement results in other types of destruction.
Examples
landslides, tsunami, liquefaction and fire.

Answer 17

SECONDARY EFFECTS

Question 18

Various Potential Earthquake Related Hazards And Their Effects

Answer 18

-Ground Shaking
-Ground Rupture
-Liquefaction
-Earthquake-Induced Ground Subsidence
-Tsunami
-Earthquake-Induced Landslide

Question 19

The disruptive up-down and sideways movement or motion experienced during an earthquake.

Answer 19

GROUND SHAKING

Question 20

Strong ground shaking can cause objects to fall, break windows among others.
Strong ground shaking can also result in minor damages to buildings and worse, cause collapse of a structure.
Most part of the Philippines will experience shaking at different degrees depending on magnitude of earthquake

Answer 20

EFFECTS OF GROUND SHAKING

Question 21

The movement of the ground along one side of a fault relative to the other side, caused by an earthquake.
The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude, distance from the epicenter and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation.
The ground shaking is measured by ground acceleration.

Answer 21

GROUND RUPTURE

Question 22

CAUSES OF GROUND RUPTURE

Answer 22

Sudden movement of one lithospheric plate past another
Stresses in the Earth’s crust, slippage
Earth-moving machinery
Local faults

Question 23

EFFECTS OF GORUND RUPTURE

Answer 23

This will be experienced by areas where fault passes through
The movement may have vertical and horizontal component and may be as small as less than 0.5 meters to as big as 6 meters

Question 24

When the ground soil is mixed with the groundwater, causing the soil to become less stable and lose its strength.
It is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.
To understand liquefaction, it is important to recognize the conditions that exist in a soil deposit before an earthquake.

Answer 24

LIQUEFACTION

Question 25

EFFECTS OF LIQUEFACTION

Answer 25

As a result, any heavy load on top of the sediment body will either sink or tilt as the sediment could no longer hold the load.

Question 26

Happens when objects sink or fall to the bottom caused by an earthquake.

Answer 26

EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED GROUND SUBSIDENCE

Question 27

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED GROUND SUBSIDENCE

Answer 27

Ground subsidence can affect the stability of pipelines, drains, and well casings.
It can also cause the formation of ponds and cracks in the ground and, if the site is close to a populated area, can lead to instability of buildings

Question 28

Series of waves commonly generated by under-the-sea earthquakes.

Answer 28

TSUNAMI

Question 29

EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI

Answer 29

In addition to loss of life and mass injuries
Include damage to and destruction of homes and businesses, ports and harbors, cultural resources, utilities, and critical infrastructure and facilities.
There may be loss of access to basic services such as power, sewer,and water.

Question 30

When masses of rock and other earth’s materials move downslope due to intense ground shaking.

Answer 30

EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

Question 31

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

Answer 31

Loose thin soil covering on the slopes of steep mountains are prone to mass movement, especially when shaken during an earthquake.
Many landslides occur as a result of strong ground shaking such as those observed on the mountainsides.

Question 32

During earthquakes, Copp argues furniture creates empty spaces beside them due to their crushed remains acting like a roof. He calls these spaces ______
The larger and stronger the object, the less it will compact; the less it compacts, the larger the void next to it will be.

Answer 32

TRIANGLE OF LIFE

Question 33

is a Japanese word meaning “harbor waves”.
A tsunami is commonly generated by disturbances associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor.
It occurs when the earthquake is shallow-seated and strong enough to displace parts of the seabed and disturb the mass of water over it.
In addition, underwater volcanic eruptions and landslides can also generate a tsunami.

Answer 33

TSUNAMI

Question 34

The increase in wave heights associated with or during typhoons (when there are strong winds) or tropical cyclones are called

Answer 34

Storm surges

Question 35

TWO KINDS OF TSUNAMI

Answer 35

LOCAL TSUNAMI
FAR FIELD OR DISTANT TSUNAMIS

Question 36

Are confined to coasts within a hundred kilometers of the source, usually earthquakes and a landslide or a pyroclastic flow.
It can reach the shoreline within 2 to 5 minutes.

Answer 36

LOCAL TSUNAMI

Question 37

Can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the coast of the nearby countries.

Answer 37

FAR FIELD OR DISTANT TSUNAMIS

Question 38

SAFETY TIPS ON TSUNAMI

Answer 38

Use your common sense.
Keep a store of emergency supplies that include sufficient medications, water, and other essentials sufficient for at least 72 hours or 3 days.
Stay away from the beach and ocean.
Evacuate the area and go to high ground immediately.
Vessels should not return to port if they are at sea.
Listen to the radio or television for additional information.
Stay out of danger until you hear it is safe.

Question 39

WHAT TO DO(3)

Answer 39

PREPAREDNESS & MITIGATION
RESPONSE
REHABILITATION

Question 40

Conduct school advocacy on tsunami awareness, preparedness and mitigation.
Regular tsunami drills should be conducted.
Turn your radio and other communication devices to know if there is a tsunami warning if an earthquake occurs and if you are in a coastal area.
Assign a focal person to monitor and observe the water recession after an earthquake.
Be aware of the tsunami facts. This knowledge could save your life. Share your knowledge with your friends. It could save their lives.
If you are in school and hear there is a tsunami warning, you should follow the advice of teachers and other school personnel.

Answer 40

PREPAREDNESS & MITIGATION

Question 41

CAUTION: Move away from the beach immediately, if there is noticeable recession in water away from the shoreline.
Move inland to predetermined higher ground immediately and stay there
Stay away from the beach, never go down to the beach to watch a tsunami coming.
High multistory reinforced concrete school building are located in some low-lying coastal areas
Small school buildings located at low-lying coastal areas are not designed to withstand tsunami impacts. Do not stay in these structures should there be tsunami warning.
Offshore reefs and shallow areas may help break the force of tsunami waves, but large and dangerous waves can still be a threat to coastal residents in these areas.
Staying away from all low-lying areas is the safest advice when there is a tsunami warning.

Answer 41

RESPONSE

Question 42

Stay away from flooded and damaged areas until officials say it is safe to return.
Stay away from debris in the water; it may pose a safety hazard to boats and people.
Save yourself, not your possessions.

Answer 42

REHABILITATION

Question 43

NATURAL SIGNS AN IMPENDING TSUNAMI

Answer 43

Occurrence of earthquake.
An unusually receding ocean or drawdown.
A series of surges that are five minutes to an hour apart.