Electrolytes Flashcards
Sodium
> regulates ECF volume and distribution
stimulates reactions w/in nerve and muscle tissue (includes myocardium)
maintains blood volume
S/S: hyponatremia vs. hpernatremia
normal range: 135-145 meq/L; 140 ballpark
Potassium
>maintains ICF osmality >regulates cardiac electrical activity and muscle contraction >tranmitts nerve impulses >S/S: hypokalemia vs. hyperkalemia >normal range: 3.5-5.0 meq/L; ballpark 4 *small changes can cause big problems
Chloride
> HCl production
relaxes muscle contractions and transmits nerve impulses
regulates ECF balance, vascular volume, and acid base balance
S/S: hypochloremia vs. hyperchloremia
normal range: 95-105 meq/L; ballpark 100
Magnesium
> regulates cardiac function, relaxes muscle contractions
transmits nerve impulses
facilitates ICF metabolism (small amount)
S/S: hypomagnesemia vs hypermagnesemia
normal range: 1.2-2.5 meq/L; ballpark 2
*small changes can cause big problems
hyponatremia
low serum sodium levels; S/S: HA, apprehension, confused, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma
hypernatremia
high serum sodium levels; dry mm, fatigue, restlessness, weakness, agitation, convulsions
hypokalemia
low serum potassium levels; cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, leg cramps, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
hyperkalemia
high serum potassium levels; cardiac dysrhythmias or arrest, confusion, diarrhea
hypochloremia
low serum chloride levels; alkalosis, muscle twitching, tremors, tetany
hyperchloremia
high serum chloride levels; acidosis, weakness, lethargy, dysrhythmias
hypomagnesemia
low serum magnesium levels; cardiac dysrhythmias, tremors, increased reflexes
hypermagnesemia
high serum magnesium levels; peripheral vasodilation, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia