IV therapy: Flashcards
Intravenous (IV)
administration of fluids, blood components, and medication into a vein
Intravenous fluids (IVF)
include electrolyte solutions, vitamins, nutrient preparations, and commercial blood “fractions” designed to be administered into a vein.
Colliod
solutions containing protein or starch molecules that remain uniformly distributed in fluid (DO NOT DISSOLVE) > fail to form a true solution
EX: Dextrame, Albumin
Crystalloid
non-colloid (salts), electrolyte solution (with potential to form crystals)> restore vascular volume
EX: NS, LR, D5W
Venipuncture
the insertion of a needle or catheter into a vein
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
entry into the vascular system via the insertion of a catheter into a peripheral vein threaded through to the superior vena cava (stay in 7days-6months)
Central venous catheter (CVC) aka central line
catheter inserted into a centrally located vein usually subclavian or jugular vein (stay in < 7 days)
Implanted port
aka port-a-cath, surgically placed under the skin and accesses vascular system internally. Single location to inject medications, fluids or take blood samples. (stay in >30 days)
Vascular access devices (VAD)
catheters, cannulas, or infusion ports usually designed for long term repeated access to the vascular system (CVC, PICC, Portacath)
Parenternal
by route other than GI into tissue
EX: IM, SQ, ID, IV
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutritionally adequate hypertonic solution - usually given via CVC (white/yellow 2000ML bag)
Extravasation (vesicant solution)
vesicant solution is administered into surrounding tissue; vesicants are solutions capable of causing tissue injury or destruction if they escape into surrounding tissue
EX: K, Cl, zosyn, Dilantin, chemo, pressor agents, dopamine
Infiltration (nonvesicant solution)
nonvesicant solution is administered into surrounding tissue
EX: puffy, cool, painful site
Delayed extravasation
symptoms occurring > 48 hrs after medication administration.
EX: more swelling, burning, soreness
Purpose of IV therapy:
>rehydrate >NPO >med. adm. >nutrition >trauma >immediate access >rebalance fluids >transfuse blood
Legal implications:
>right drug, dose, patient, route, time (5Rs) >check allergies > educate > assess and reassess!!! > documentation > check MD order > liable for med errors
ICF
intracellular fluids- 2/3 of body water weight is inside cells, protein keeps water in cells
ECF
extracellular- 1/3 of body water weight is outside cells.
>intravascular - inside BV (plasma), high amount of protein
>interstitial- fluid between surrounding cells
>transcellular- fluid in fluid with in small space
>lymph- tissue fluid
Osmosis
movement of water across cell membranes from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution