The phenomenological perspective: lecture 3

Question 1

core tenant of Rogerian System

Answer 1

actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism
* total organismic sensing

Question 2

phenomenal field

Answer 2

totality of experience accessible to person (all thoughts, feelings, memories, beliefs, ect.)

Question 3

organism

Answer 3

neuropsychological entity that experiences (physical being)

Question 4

the self

Answer 4

socially determined aspects of phenomenal field to which one may attach the terms “I” or “me”

Question 5

actualizing tendency

Answer 5

organisms biological drive to fulfill inherent potentialities (what you want to do)

Question 6

Self-actualizing tendency

Answer 6

pressure to develop, behave, and experience consistently with self (what you’re pushed to do)

Question 7

self

Answer 7

social construct created at a young age

Question 8

organismic valuing process OVP

Answer 8

process that determines whether experience facilitates or thwarts the actualizing tendency

Question 9

need for positive regard

Answer 9

learned need to receive approval, nurturance, attention and acceptance from others

Question 10

conditions of worth

Answer 10

those things that elicit positive regard from others

Question 11

need for positive self-regard

Answer 11

internalized need for self-acceptance ad approval

Question 12

conditional positive self-regard

Answer 12

learned tendency to value in ourselves only those things that meet internalized conditions of worth

Question 13

How anxiety and depression develop

Answer 13

when actualizing tendency and self-actualizing tendency don’t line up

Question 14

anxiety tells you

Answer 14

warning that self-structure is threatening to disintegrate or shatter

Question 15

Defenses

Answer 15

1. distortion of experience
2. denial

Question 16

distortion of experience

Answer 16

rationalizations that make apparent incongruency appear congruent

Question 17

denial

Answer 17

refuse to acknowledge threatening experiences that aren’t part of self structure

Question 18

The maladaptive person

Answer 18

• defensive
• conforming
  *lives according to a preconceived plan
• is not creative

Question 19

fully functional person

Answer 19

received unconditional positive regard and accepts all that is valued by the OVP

Question 20

Characteristics of the fully functioning person

Answer 20

*openness to experience
* organismic trusting
*existential living
*experiential living
*creativity

Question 21

openness to experience

Answer 21

receptive to experiences and dictates of OVP
*open to feelings of fear and discouragement and pain
*courage and tenderness and care

Question 22

organismic trusting

Answer 22

has faith that experiences openly received and processed by OVP will result in optimal life-satisfaction (trusts gut)

Question 23

existential living

Answer 23

living in the moment and allowing self to emerge from experience rather than vise-versa

Question 24

experiential living

Answer 24

a feeling that one is free to do as one choses and claiming responsibility for those choices

Question 25

creativity

Answer 25

genuinely benefit the self and others through new, flexible, and effective thinking and acting

Question 26

Shimel et al.
*Rogerian hypothesis: if experience unconditional positive regard, self-structure will be healthy and less defensive. If received praise based upon “conditions of worth” will be more defensive
* Method: described either their most revealing intrinsic qualities or accomplishments then judged on self or given no feedback. They then provided counterfactual statements to past negative events in their life

Answer 26

Results:
Those who received positive feedback on their true, intrinsic selves generated fewer downward counterfactuals

Question 27

Cohen et al.

Answer 27

found that affirmation of important values led generally to more openness to others’ ideas and more flexibility in negotiations

Question 28

Schlegel et al.

Answer 28

Knowing that one was satisfied with a decision led one to feel that he or she truly knew the self; and putting one in touch with a true self led to more satisfying decisions