chapter 13 Flashcards
etics
universal components of an idea, aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common
emics
locally relevant components of an idea; aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture
tough vs easy
easy: able to explore and have easier access
tough: few goals are perceived as valuable; harder to succeed
characteristics of culture
tough vs easy
achievement and affiliation
complexity
tightness and looseness
head vs heart
collectivism and individualism
honor, face, and dignity
tightness and looseness
tightness: little deviation from proper behavior
looseness: large deviation from cultural norms
head vs heart
head: artistic, creativity, curiosity, critical thinking, and learning
heart: fairness, mercy, gratitude, hope, love, and religiosity
influence cultural differences
selective migration, social influence, ecological factors
collectivism and individualism
collectivist: japan, china, india/ more sociable/ other-focused emotions (sympathy)
individualists: united states/ need for positive self regard/ self focused emotions (anger)/ behavioral consistency
dignity
individuals are valuable in their own right
honor
emerge in environments where the forces of civilization are weak or nonexistent and people must protect themselves, their families, and property
face
emerge in societies that have stable hierarchies based on cooperation (hierarchy, humility, and harmony)
vertical-collectivism
self different from others
communal sharing
authority ranking
low-freedom
low equality
e.g. china
vertical-individualism
self different from others
market economy
authority ranking
high freedom
low equality
e.g. france
horizontal-collectivism
self same as others
communal sharing
low freedom
high quality
e.g. isreal
horizontal-individualism
self same as others
market economy
high freedom
high equality
e.g. norway
