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Personality Theories > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What culture did Freud grow up in?

A

Freud influenced by his Jewish culture

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2
Q

Who created the term “slip of the tongue”

A

Kabbalah is a part of Judaism and a connection to god

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3
Q
  • Deterministic
A

our past determines who we are going to be
o Freud would say: 0-6 y/o sets the framework for your adult personality

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4
Q
  • Eros
A

Instinct to create/to build (energy is called = libido)
o Ex. Build house, art, relationship building, sex, etc.
o History: WW1 ended soldiers came and suffered from shellshock (PTSD)
o Freud had issues with the theory of shellshock because he introduced eros
o Post WW2 introduced Thanatos

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5
Q
  • Thanatos
A

the instinct to destroy
o Ex. end habit, end relationship, end addictions, etc.
o Must destroy past self to create something new
o Hindu goddess of destruction
o Must destroy reminisce of relationship otherwise transference will occur

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6
Q

What are the 5 ways to prove the unconscious?

A
  1. Dreams
  2. Parapraxes (slip of the tongue)
  3. Hypnosis
  4. Free-Association
  5. Projective Techniques
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7
Q

What do dreams mean to freud?

A

o Dream interpretation important since unconscious mind does not filter
o May dream things you were not aware of during awake hours.
o Weird dreams = something in your life is not “fitting in”
 Trauma cannot fit into self and therefore PTSD occurs

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8
Q

What does parapraxes (slip-of-the-tongue) mean to freud?

A

o Ex. accidentally calling your bf your ex’s name
o Not everything means something

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9
Q

What does hypnosis mean to freud?

A

o Not everyone can be hypnotized
 Rational system too strong
o Hypnosis happens when the experiential system is aware of something that the rational system is not

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10
Q

What is mediation?

A

mostly experiential system with enough rational system to stay awake

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11
Q

What does free-association mean to freud

A

o What images comes up: what are you thinking about?
o The first word that comes to mind
 Ex. Mother -> Father
 Feeling of awe
o Experiential system quick because rational system starts to kick in

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12
Q

What does projective technique mean to Freud?

A

o Thematic Apperception Test -> Cards
o “What do you think is happening in this picture”
 Tell a story about what is happening
 Client tells a story about their own problem w/o realizing it

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13
Q

ID

A

Impulses; unconscious desires
o How 2 y/os operate
o Pleasure principle

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14
Q

Ego

A

You; trying to balance the ID and superego
o Reality principle
o Serving the Id w/o causing problems with reality

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15
Q

Superego

A

morality
o Parents
o Worried about principles

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16
Q

reality anxiety

A

o Anxiety about reality (ex. exams)

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17
Q
  • Moral anxiety
A

o Anxiety about the struggle between Id and superego
o Doing the right thing

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18
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

o Anxiety about the struggle id and ego
 Ex. cannot have cheesecake for dinner
o Wanting to do something; reality kicks in (ex. lust)

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19
Q
  • Repression
A

o Unconscious anxiety (if conscious anxiety will consume)
 Ex. Sexual abuse victims
o Keep in unconscious by using libido physic energy (Eros energy)
o A finite amount of psychic energy means that the anxiety will come out in the form of a projection

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20
Q

suppression

A

o When a repressed memory breaks through to the conscious and you put it back into the unconscious

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21
Q

denial

A

o Deny reality; cannot accept reality
o “That did not happen”

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22
Q
  • Reaction formation
A

o Forming opposite emotions versus how they truly feel on the inside
o Clouded eyes cannot judge others
 Ex. only homophobic men aroused to homosexual pornography

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23
Q

projection

A

o Placing your own anxiety-provoking traits about yourself onto other people
 Ex. You are a lazy person, and you look for laziness in other people

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24
Q

displacement

A

o Change your target of anxiety to something safer
 Ex. fight with the boss, go home, and kick the dog
 Ex. harassed by boss, go home and abuse wife and kids

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25
Q

rationalization

A

“it’s not that bad”

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26
Q

regression

A

o Returning to an early stage in life
 Ex. throwing a tantrum

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27
Q

deflection

A

o The act of blaming another person for your own mistakes or shortcomings rather than accepting the blame or criticism yourself

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28
Q

Development of personality

A

o Sometimes people UNABLE to move from one stage to another because conflicts are not resolved
o Sometimes people UNABLE to move from one stage to another because one stage is so satisfied (fixation), all psychic energy goes into one stage and cannot move on

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29
Q

fixation

A

Sometimes people UNABLE to move from one stage to another because one stage is so satisfied, all psychic energy goes into one stage and cannot move on

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30
Q
  • Oral (0-18 mo
A

Stage of TRUST
o Ex. infant crying for food from mom; mom comes = trust; mom does not come = no true

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31
Q
  • Anal (2-3.5 y/s)
A

Stage of FREE WILL and INDEPENDENCE
o Ex. Children always saying no
o Ex. potty training (choosing when to go to the bathroom)

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32
Q

Anal expulsive

A

pooping everywhere
 Aggressive, “I do want I wanna do”, disorderly, destructive, cruelty -> CONTROL

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33
Q

Anal retentive

A

hold back and retain poop
 Manipulation (withholding information), stubbornness, OCPD, orderly, doing the right thing, Compulsive & order, perfectionism ->all for CONTROL
* Control over internal and external worlds

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34
Q

Phallic (3-5 y/o

A

Establish gender role identity and Consciousness
o ex. Dr. Sutha hugging his wife and his son tries to get in between them and hug his mom

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35
Q

o Oedipus

A

males loving their mothers and see their father as a competitor

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36
Q

 Castration anxiety

A

son anxious that father might castrate him
* In Freud’s era, parents would threaten kids with castration
* Freud’s past has 2 major stories, at the age of 3 Freud realized women do not have penises and that their penis must be cut off

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37
Q

 Primary anxiety

A

the first anxiety child (moral anxiety) experienced because of Oedipus complex
* Leads to development of the superego & conscious
* Through process of identifying with same-sex parents and copying gender roles is how personal identity formed
* Conscious forms guilt
o “If I cant have my mother, I’ll bond with my father to have her through my father”

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38
Q

introjection

A

taking other people’s (parents) beliefs and internalizing it (found in superego)

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39
Q

electra

A

females loving their fathers and see mothers as competition
 Daughter realizes that mom does not have something the father does
 Fear of losing penis > already lost penis = male superego> female superego

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40
Q
  • Latent (prepuberty 5-12ish
A

Fitting in and making connections; hierarchy
- not associated with part of the body; Eros and
Thanatos

41
Q
  • Genital (puberty
A

sexual energy emerges
o Final stage
o I do not want to invest eros within family, I want to invest it outside family (if it went correctly)

42
Q

Freud and Homosexuality

A

o If boy identifies with mom and since mom likes men, boy likes men as well

43
Q

what is therapy orientated towards?

A

insight (intelligence and emotional)

44
Q

Using Freudian therapy, what is a clients experience?

A
  • Loosen defense mechanism
  • Regress
  • Explore transference manifestations
  • Explore the meaning of dreams
  • Explore the present in terms of the past
  • Pay attention to unconscious material
  • Engage in free association
45
Q

what is a therapist’s goal is Freudian therapy?

A
  • “blank screen” for projection of transference
  • Neutrality
  • NO self-disclosure (if possible)
  • Attention to client’s resistance and transference
  • Make interpretations
46
Q

Freudian Relationship between client and therapist

A
  • Distinction between classical (PAST) and contemporary (PRESENT) psychodynamic therapy
  • Classical nonparticipating, emotionally detached, objects, focus on a reenactment of earlier experiences and not the here-and-now
47
Q
  • Transference
A

opportunity to address “unfinished business, conflicts from fixations, work-through”

48
Q
  • Countertransference
A

source of data about client and self, key to help client gain self-understanding
o Ex. you (therapist) get annoyed at rude people, you notice this annoyance in therapy with client, you realize they are a rude person (you don’t share you are just aware)

49
Q

hows does the therapist maintain the analytical framework

A

o Anonymity
o Neutrality and objectivity
o Regularity and consistency

50
Q
  • Free association
A

say a word, what comes to mind?

51
Q

According to freud, when is therapy done?

A

once client gains insight

52
Q
  • Collective unconscious according to Jung
A

the deepest level of the psyche containing the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and prehuman species
o We carry past experiences of ancestors
o This deep level of psyche connects us all

53
Q

What is collective unconscious in Hindu culture?

A

Brahma in Hinduism (it’s just “it”)
 It just is what it is

54
Q
  • Archetypes
A

an innate tendency that molds and transforms the individual consciousness. Inborn tendencies which shape human behavior

55
Q

Freud vs Jung dream analysis

A

Freud cares about single dreams vs Jung cares about repetition within dreams

56
Q

The persona

A

mask we wear to make a particular impression on others and conceal our true nature
- Many people believe what they pretend to be and not who they are
ex. midwest nice

57
Q

The shadow

A

negative or inferior characteristics + sexual desires

58
Q

golden shadow

A

includes modes the individual has not developed yet, however may or may not want to

59
Q

Anima

A

feminine present in the unconscious of every man
o Men put masculine in persona, feminine into shadow

60
Q

Animus

A

masculine present in the unconscious of every woman
o Women put feminine into the persona, masculine into the shadow

61
Q

Individuation

A

harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality
- in order to be an individual you need to bring
the unconscious into conscious

62
Q

why is the phrase “you complete me” humorous

A
  • Finding parts you want to have in another person rather than helping yourself
    o We find what we do not have in ourselves attractive in other people
63
Q

the self

A
  • In between conscious and unconscious
    Jesus & Buddha are directly in the middle
64
Q
  • Synchronize city
A

feels like something is happening by chance, but the collective unconscious is sending you a message
o Ex. Friend text you when you just thought about them not too long ago (not always about person, but what person represents)

65
Q

Narcissism (kohut)

A

Self-esteem

66
Q

How do we get our narcissistic needs met?

A
    1. Grandiosity
    1. Idealization
    1. Twinship
67
Q

idealization (kohut)

A
  • Identification with the self-object
    ex. Jeep
68
Q
  • Merger (kohut)
A

Merge with the object

69
Q

Grandiosity mirroring

A

o ex. kid showing off so you compliment them and confirm their grandiosity

70
Q
  • faulty mirroring
A

o ex. kid showing off and you insult them, hurting their grandiosity

70
Q
  • Optimal frustration
A

o Children need to experience frustration (do not try to be perfect parents) just be a “good enough” parent
 Ex. helicopter parents

70
Q

Twinship

A
  • Sense of belonging
  • Seeing yourself in them
71
Q

Twinship (Togashi Koichi)

A

o They see themselves in you

72
Q
  • Fragment
A

self beings to waver (glue on broken vase begins to melt)
o Super bad days = losing a sense of self

73
Q

cohesive

A

look for self-object
o Brings a sense of twinship
 Ex. favorite ice cream and show brings you comfort/twinship

74
Q
  • internalization
A

not looking for other people to give her self-esteem but find it in herself
o Ex. Dr. Sutha tells her daughter, not right now go away, she leaves and validates herself

75
Q

Transmuting internalization

A

giving yourself self-esteem in your own unique way
- You must take over the traits of your selfobjects

76
Q
  • Contact shunning personality
A

avoid social contact, NOT BC DISINTRESSED IN OTHERS, but because their need for them is so intense but very afraid of rejected
o Afraid of who they are will get lost in that person

77
Q
  • Mirror-hungry personality
A

evoke the attention is others by trying to counteract their sense of worthlessness, draw attention to themselves to mirror off other people to form relationships
o Looking for someone to put them on a pedal stool
o Stalker dynamic

78
Q
  • Ideal hungry personality
A

search for others, strong sense of idealization, and look for strong individuals that they can look up to. However, their strong individual will eventually disappoint (because they are human)
o Looking for someone to put on a pedal stool

79
Q
  • Alter-ego-personality
A

looking for someone just like them, my soulmate, eventually realize they are different, then they will leave. Looking for twinship

80
Q

Therapy tips (If grandiosity is damaged, what will client look for?)

A

client looks for mirroring (compliments)

81
Q

Therapy tips (if idealization is damaged, what will the client look for?)

A

client may put therapist on pedal stool
o “You are the best therapist ever”

82
Q

Therapy tips (if twinship is damaged, what will the client look for?)

A

client will look for similarities between them
o “OMG me too!”

83
Q

What is alders early childhood like?

A

sickly kid, jealous of older brother, belief in the importance of childhood. His doctors and teachers doubted his abilities.

84
Q
  • Phenomenological (Alder)
A

subjective reality; object reality is not as important
o How you response to a situation is subjective

85
Q
  • Holistic (Alder)
A

unity and indivisibility of the person; all aspect of a person have to be understood in a relationship (CONTEXT)
o Well why do they act that way?

86
Q
  • Teleology (Alder)
A

Goal-oriented- think, feel, and act in a relationship to our goal (life goal not career)
o Goal is COMPLETION

87
Q
  • Fictional finalism (Alder)
A

imagined life goal that guides a person behavior, the completion (replaced with guiding self-ideal) “only when I am perfect can I be accepted”
o People live by fictional ideals (ex. all men are created equal)

88
Q
  • Private logic (Alder)
A

concepts about self, others and the world on which the clients lifestyle is based – “I am basically unlovable”
o “other people are perfect, I am not perfect”
 The world is judgmental and I am judged for not being perfect

89
Q
  • Lifestyle (Alder)
A

characteristic way of thinking, feeling, acting, living as we strive towards our long-term goals
o Ex. Always looking for perfection and look perfect while doing it

90
Q
  • Social interest (Alder)
A

being as concerned about others (empathy) as one in oneself; sign of mental health
o Ex. if always focused on how you look, not focused on other people

91
Q
  • Community feelings (Alder)
A

feeling connected to all of humanity
o You say you love them, but how do you show that?

92
Q

Life Tasks (Alder; on exam)

A

o Social task- friendships, cooperation
o Love task- dating, courtship, marriage, intimacy
o Work task- sense of contributing to society especially through one’s occupation

93
Q

o Oldest (Alder)

A

dependable and hard working; compensates by becoming a model child and exhibiting a high achievement drive

94
Q

o Second child (IF only 2)- Alder

A

competitive, opposite to the first-born

95
Q

o Middle child (Alder)

A

“poor me”, problem child or peacemaker in dysfunctional families

96
Q

o Youngest child (Alder)

A

pampered and spoiled, helplessness as an art form

97
Q

o Only child (Alder)

A

similar to first born, but does not learn to share or cooperate; needs to be the center of attention

Personality Theories (3 decks)

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